A. Ticket to Work and the Market for Employment Support Services
- Efforts to Stimulate Beneficiary Demand for Employment Support Services
- Increasing the Supply of Employment Support Service Providers
- SSA's Efforts to Enhance Market Functioning
B. The Ticket to Work Evaluation
C. Data Sources for This Report
II. Characteristics of Beneficiaries and Use of Employment Services
A. Beneficiary Characteristics
- Program Characteristics
- Sociodemographic Characteristics
- Disability and Health Characteristics
B. Employment, Reasons for Not Working, and Employment Expectations
C. Use of Health, Employment, and Education Services
- Service Use in 2004 and Characteristics of Users
- Reasons for Using Services and Types of Services
- School Enrollment and Degree-Seeking Behavior
D. Unmet Service Needs
E. Summary and Conclusions
III. Beneficiary Participation in Ticket to Work
A. The History of Ticket Participation
- Ticket Mailings and Eligible Beneficiaries with Tickets
- In-Use Tickets by Provider Type
- In-Use Tickets by Payment Type
- Deactivations and Reassignments
- Participation Rates by State
B. Predictors of Participation
- Overall Participation
- Determinants of Provider and Payment Type
IV. Experiences of TTW Participants: The Participation Process
A. Information Sources and Program Knowledge
B. Choices Regarding Ticket Assignment
C. Interaction with TTW Providers
D. Overall Perspectives on Outcomes and Providers
V. Experiences of TTW Participants: Use of Support Services
A. Service Use in 2004
B. Service Users: Reasons for Using Services; Types; Volume, and Usefulness of Services Received
- Reasons for Using Services
- Types and Volume of Services Used
- Usefulness of Services
C. School Enrollment and Degree-Seeking Behavior
D. Unmet Service Needs
VI. Experiences of TTW Participants: Job Characteristics of Employed Participants
A. Employment Rates
B. Hours, Earnings, Benefits, Tenure, Self-Employment, Industry, and Occupation
- Hours, Wages, and Earnings
- Employee Benefits
- Job Tenure, Sheltered Employment, Self-Employment, Industry, and Occupation
C. Use of Special Equipment or Assistance and Employer Accommodations
D. Job Satisfaction
A. Employment-Related Goals
B. Awareness of TTW
C. Involuntary Nonparticipants
VIII. Provider Availability, Ticket Acceptance and Ticket Payments
A. EN Availability
B. Provider Use of the New Payment Systems
C. County Statistics on the Availability of ENs
IX. Employment Networks' Revenue and Costs
A. EN Financial Perspective under Current Regulations
- Framework for Calculating EN Costs
- Provider Experience Two Years after Rollout
B. Regulatory Changes to TTW Payment Structure
- Modifications in SVRA Participation
- Modifications to Milestones-Outcomes and Outcomes-Only Payments
- Expanding TTW Eligibility
C. Possible Effects of the Regulatory Changes
- Scenarios in Whice ENs Could Generate Profits
- Assessing the Likelihood of an EN Breaking Even
X. TTW Program Implementation by SSA and It's Program Managers
A. Implementation Overview
B. Informing Beneficiaries
- Ticket Distribution and Toll-Free Ticket Program Call Center
- Marketing to Beneficiaries
C. Informing Providers
- Marketing Efforts
- Accepting Applications and Providing Training and Technical Assistance to ENs
- Funding and Services
- Collecting Paystubs and Obtaining Payments
- Recommendations for Program Improvement
D. Operating an Efficient Payment System
- Potentially Promising Practices
- Financial Viability
E. Enhancements to SSA's Internal Operations and Systems
- Training and Technical Assistance to Regional and Field Office Staff
- Expedited Reinstatement
- Systems Automation
- Rules and Regulation
F. Summary
XI. Employment-Support Payments
A. Payment Receipt Under All Payment Systems
B. Claims Paid Under The Traditional Payment System
C. Payments Under The New Payment System
- Payments Received Through September 2006
- Payment Distributions
- The Dynamics of Payment Receipt
D. Payment Lag Time
E. SVRA/EN Agreements
A. Approach to Estimating Impacts
B. Data Description
- Administrative Data Include Several SSA and RSA Adminstrative Data Files
- Sample Includes Most TTW-Eligibles Ages 19 to 58, Stratified by Age and Program Subgroups
- Outcome Measures Include Annual Measures of Service Enrollment, Earnings, and Benefit Amounts
C. Econometric Model for Estimating Impacts
D. Impacts of Service Enrollment
- Estimates by Age and Program Group Indicate That TTW Impacts on SVRA-Only Service Enrollment Are Close to Zero
- Estimates by Age and Program Group Indicate That TTW Had Positive Upper-Bound Impacts on Total Service Enrollment
- Sensitivity Analysis
- Lower-Bound Estimates
E. Conclusions
F. Subgroup Analyses
XIII. Outcome Payments and Months of the Rolls Because of Work
A. Methodological Issues
- The Payment Process
- Traditional Payment System
- The LDW Indicator
B. Tickets Assigned in the First Three Years
- Findings for the First Assignment Cohort
- Later Assignment Cohorts
C. Months of the Rolls Because of Work For Phase 1 Participants
XIV. TTW Participants by Beneficiaries in Adequacy-of-Incentives Groups
A. NBS: AOI Definitions and Overview of AOI Groups
- Characteristics of AOI Group Members
- TTW Awareness and Participation Among AOI Group Members
- TTW Nonparticipation Among AOI Group Members
- Service Use Among TTW Participants in AOI Groups
B. Provider and Payment Types Among TTW Participants in AOI Groups
XV. Conclusions and Implications
A. Key Findings Related to Market Operation
- Beneficiary Demand for Employment Services
- The Supply of Employment Services
- SSA Support for TTW Market Operations
B. Impacts of TTW on Beneficiary Behavior
C. The Future of the TTW Market
Appendices:
A: Ticket to Work Timeline and Rollout Phase (also included in this volume for easy reference)
B: National Beneficiary Survey Data Tables and Analyses
C: Beneficiary Participation Statistics
D: Methodological Approach to Estimating the Impact of Ticket to Work