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1997 OASDI Trustees Report
C. HIGHLIGHTS
Important developments since the 1996 Annual Report was issued are
shown below:
- During calendar year 1996, OASDI benefits
amounting to $347.1 billion were paid to retired and disabled workers and
their families, and to survivors of deceased workers.
The number of persons receiving monthly OASDI
benefits at the end of December 1996 was 43.7 million.
In 1996, an estimated 144 million people worked
in jobs covered by the OASDI program and paid OASDI contributions on their
earnings.
Income to the combined OASI and DI Trust Funds
amounted to $424.5 billion in calendar year 1996, and expenditures were
$353.6 billion. The assets of the combined funds, therefore, increased by
$70.9 billion, from $496.1 billion at the end of December 1995 to $567.0
billion at the end of December 1996.
Assets at the beginning of the year, as a
percentage of expenditures during the year, increased from 140 percent at
the beginning of 1996 to an estimated 153 percent at the beginning of 1997,
for the combined OASI and DI Trust Funds.
Interest earnings on the invested assets of the
combined OASI and DI Trust Funds were $38.7 billion in calendar year 1996.
This represented an effective annual interest rate of 7.6 percent, earned
by the combined assets during calendar year 1996. During the same period,
the average interest rate on new securities purchased by the trust funds
was 6.6 percent.
Administrative expenses for the OASDI program were
$3.0 billion in calendar year 1996, or about 0.9 percent of benefit
payments in the year.
An automatic benefit increase of 2.9 percent
became effective for December 1996. The OASDI contribution and benefit
base was increased from $62,700 for 1996, to $65,400 for 1997.
The major findings of this report are summarized below:
Short-Range Results
In the short range (i.e., the next 10 years) the
combined assets of the OASI and DI Trust Funds are expected to increase
from the current level of $567.0 billion at the end of calendar year 1996,
or 153 percent of estimated expenditures in 1997, to $1,459 billion, or
244 percent of annual expenditures, at the beginning of the year 2006,
based on the intermediate assumptions.
The assets of the OASI Trust Fund are expected to
increase rapidly during the next 10 years, from 160 percent of annual
expenditures at the beginning of 1997 to about 264 percent of annual
expenditures at the beginning of the year 2006, based on the intermediate
assumptions.
The assets of the DI Trust Fund are expected to
increase rapidly for most of the next 10 years, rising from 108 percent of
annual expenditures at the beginning of 1997 to 152 percent of annual
expenditures at the beginning of 2003, based on the intermediate
assumptions. While the assets of the fund, in nominal dollars, continue to
grow during the entire short-range period consisting of the next 10 years,
assets relative to annual expenditures begin to decline in 2003, becoming
140 percent at the beginning of 2006.
The combined OASI and DI Trust Funds, as well as
each fund separately, are adequately financed and meet the short-range test
for financial adequacy.
Long-Range Results
The assets of the combined OASI and DI Trust Funds
are expected to continue growing over most of the next 25 years, based on
the intermediate assumptions. By the end of 2018, the assets are estimated
to reach $2.89 trillion, in nominal dollars. The assets are then estimated
to decline to $2.74 trillion 3 years later, at the end of the 25-year
period.
In the long range (i.e., the next 75 years) the
difference between the summarized income and cost rates for the OASDI
program is a deficit of 2.23 percent of taxable payroll based on the
intermediate assumptions, slightly larger than the difference of 2.19
percent in last year's report. The assets of the combined OASI and DI Trust
Funds are estimated to be depleted under present law in 2029 based on the
intermediate assumptions. At that time, the estimates indicate that annual
tax revenues would be sufficient to cover about 3/4 of annual expenditures.
On a combined basis, the OASDI program is not in
"close actuarial balance" over the next 75 years. In addition, the
individual OASI and DI Trust Funds are not in close actuarial balance.
These results are the same as those shown in the 1996 Annual Report.
With the retirement of the "baby-boom" generation
starting in about 2010, OASDI costs will increase rapidly relative to the
taxable earnings of workers. By the end of the 75-year projection period,
the OASDI cost rate is estimated to reach 19.2 percent under the
intermediate assumptions, resulting in an annual deficit of about 5.9
percent. Annual tax revenue would be sufficient to cover only about
2/3 of annual expenditures at the end of the 75-year period.
The cost of the OASDI program is estimated to
rise from its current level of 4.7 percent of gross domestic product
(GDP) to 6.7 percent of GDP by the end of the 75-year projection period,
and the annual deficit is estimated to be 2.1 percent of GDP at the end of
the 75-year projection period.
Estimated Operations of the Trust Funds
Under the intermediate assumptions, the excess of
OASDI tax revenues over expenditures until 2012, together with interest
earnings on the trust funds, will result in a rapid accumulation of assets
for the combined OASI and DI Trust Funds during this period. However, total
income is estimated to fall short of expenditures beginning in 2019 and in
each year thereafter. In this circumstance, trust fund assets would be
redeemed to cover the difference until the assets are exhausted in 2029.
The DI Trust Fund is expected to increase until
2007, and then to decline steadily until its assets are exhausted in 2015.
Because DI program growth has fluctuated widely in the past, it is
essential that the program's future experience be monitored closely and
that action be taken to address the DI Trust Fund's actuarial imbalance.
The assets of the OASI Trust Fund are expected to
increase until 2021, and then to decline until they are exhausted in 2031.
Because the OASI program is not in close actuarial balance, the long-range
deficit of the OASI Trust Fund should be addressed. It is important to
address this problem soon to allow time for phasing in any necessary
changes and for workers to adjust their retirement plans to take account of those
changes. There is ample time to discuss and examine alternative solutions
with deliberation and care. The size of the long-range deficit is such that
long-range balance could be restored within the framework of the present
Social Security structure. The magnitude of the changes in the current
program will be minimized if they are enacted soon.
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