SSR 72-48: SECTION 211(a)(2) (42 U.S.C. 411(a)(2)). -- SELF-EMPLOYMENT -- NET EARNINGS FROM SELF-EMPLOYMENT -- INTEREST INCOME DERIVED FROM PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF TAX SALE CERTIFICATES
20 CFR 404.1054(d)
SSR 72-48
- Where an individual derived income from the purchase of interest-bearing tax sale certificates but maintained no established place of business and did not purchase the securities to regularly resell them as a merchant to customers, held, the individual's interest income is excluded from net earnings from self-employment because he was not a dealer in stocks or securities.
Florida Statutes Annotated, Chapter 197 provides for the issuance, sale, and redemption of interest bearing tax sale certificates, which relate to delinquent taxes on real property. Pursuant to such statute, R, an old-age insurance beneficiary, purchased these certificates at auctions held annually at the X County Courthouse in Florida. Upon redemption of a tax certificate by the delinquent property owner, R is paid his purchase price plus simple interest at the rate he offered at the time he bid for the certificate at auction. He does not maintain an office, has no employees, is not licensed, and does not maintain a separate bank account for such transactions. His activities were sporadic and lacked any element of continuity or regularity. Most activities occurred during one month each year when he placed bids at auction and purchased the certificates available to him.
The question is whether the interest income which R derived from his activities in connection with the tax certificates is excluded from net earnings from self-employment under section 211(a)(2) of the Social Security Act.
Section 211(a)(2) of the Social Security Act excludes from "net earnings from self-employment," insofar as is pertinent here, dividends and interest unless received in the course of a trade or business as a dealer in stocks or securities. Under § 404.1054, Social Security Administration Regulations No. 4 (20 CFR 404.1054), a dealer in stocks and securities is defined as:
- (d) . . . a merchant of stocks or securities with an established place of business, regularly engaged in the business, of purchasing stocks or securities and reselling them to customers; that is, he is one who as a merchant buys stocks or securities and sells them to customers with a view to the gains and profits that may be derived therefrom. Persons who buy and sell or hold stocks or securities for investment or speculation, irrespective of whether such buying or selling constitutes the carrying on of a trade or business, are not dealers in stocks or securities.
R's activities were not conducted from an established place of business. He did not advertise or hold himself out to the public as a dealer in tax sale certificates; he did not maintain an office or hire employees; and he did not use a separate bank account for dealing in the certificates. His gains from their purchase do not appear to have been derived by regularly reselling them as a merchant to customers. Rather, his purchase of the certificates appear to have been made solely for purposes of investment or speculation.
Accordingly, it is held that R's interest in come which he derived from his activities in connection with the tax certificates is excluded from net earnings from self-employment because he was not a dealer in stocks and securities.