Total Money Income

The demographic composition of the elderly changes with age. Aged units 65 to 69 are the most likely to be married couples (48.9%), while aged units 80 or older are most likely to be nonmarried women (54.1%). The younger age groups also have a greater proportion of minorities than the older cohorts.

Percentage distribution of aged units 65 or older, 2014
	65 or older	65–69	70–74	75–79	80 or older
Marital status and sex
Married couples	41.8	48.9	46.2	43.9	28.4
Nonmarried men	17.7	18.8	18.2	15.5	17.4
Nonmarried women	40.5	32.3	35.5	40.6	54.1
Race
White alone	83.8	81.9	83.5	83.2	86.7
Black alone	10.3	11.8	10.2	10.5	8.3
Asian alone	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.4	3.9
Hispanic origin	8.2	9.3	7.8	7.8	7.5
Total number of aged units (thousands)	34,614	11,056	8,053	6,072	9,434
NOTE: Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

The aged are an economically diverse group. The median income for units aged 65 or older is $30,193, but there are wide differences within the total group. Approximately 11% have an income of under $10,000, and roughly 32% have an income of $50,000 or more.

Percentage with various levels of income, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage with various levels of income, 2014
Income (dollars)	Percentage of aged units
Less than 5,000	5.2
5,000 to 9,999	6.2
10,000 to 14,999	11.9
15,000 to 19,999	10.7
20,000 to 24,999	8.4
25,000 to 29,999	7.2
30,000 to 34,999	5.8
35,000 to 39,999	5.2
40,000 to 44,999	4.2
45,000 to 49,999	3.7
50,000 to 74,999	12.8
75,000 to 99,999	6.9
100,000 or more	11.9

NOTE: Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

Income differences by age are associated with differences in marital status. Median income is generally lower in older age groups. The striking differences by age are due in part to the disproportionate number of nonmarried women in older age groups.

Median income, by age and marital status, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Median income, by age and marital status, 2014
Age	All units	Married couples	Nonmarried persons
65 to 69	40,013	67,268	23,180
70 to 74	34,704	57,752	21,493
75 to 79	28,223	46,926	18,245
80 or older	22,232	40,266	17,940

Demographic differences are associated with different levels of median income for units aged 65 or older. Income is highest for married couples, who have a median income more than 2½ times that of nonmarried persons. Median income of white aged units is greater than that of Asian aged units and black aged units by 49 and 69 percent, respectively.

Median income, by marital status, race, and Hispanic origin, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Median income, by marital status, race, and Hispanic origin, 2014
Characteristic	Income (dollars)
Marital status
Married couples	54,860
Nonmarried persons	19,656
Race
White alone	32,791
Black alone	19,381
Asian alone	22,020
Hispanic origin	17,000

Median real income has risen substantially over the years. Between 1962 and 2014, the income of units aged 65 or older increased even when adjusted for inflation. The increase was 143% for married couples and 122% for nonmarried persons. There were disproportionate increases by race. Between 1967 and 2014, the income of whites increased by 143%; that of blacks increased by 103%.

Change in median income, by marital status and race, selected years

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Constant (2014) dollar median income, by marital status and race, selected years
Year	Married couples	Nonmarried persons	White	Black
1962	22,537	8,858	--	--
1967	23,908	9,257	13,481	9,526
1971	31,319	11,977	18,974	11,065
1976	32,827	13,979	20,553	12,440
1978	34,349	14,197	21,640	11,800
1980	34,534	13,733	21,318	11,664
1982	37,117	14,425	23,183	11,726
1984	39,304	15,243	24,972	12,463
1986	40,802	15,509	25,445	12,852
1988	40,633	15,865	26,249	12,613
1990	42,297	16,568	26,340	12,656
1992	40,188	16,121	25,351	12,593
1994	40,007	16,621	25,480	14,014
1996	42,163	17,053	25,581	14,559
1998	43,827	17,450	27,530	13,673
2000	42,876	17,480	27,207	16,955
2002	42,715	17,357	26,455	15,791
2004	43,738	17,544	27,194	15,669
2006	44,980	18,704	28,956	16,910
2008	47,376	18,425	28,783	18,205
2010	48,549	18,740	29,545	17,873
2012	50,345	18,868	30,817	19,848
2014	54,860	19,656	32,791	19,381
NOTE: -- = not available.

Income Sources

Social Security is the most common source of income for units aged 65 or older. More than 8 out of 10 aged units receive Social Security benefits. Asset income is the next most common source of income, received by nearly two-thirds of the aged. Two-fifths receive retirement benefits other than Social Security, and more than one-quarter have earnings. Public assistance and veterans' benefits are each received by 5% or less. Noncash benefits, including SNAP benefits and housing and energy assistance, are received by 13%.

Percentage receiving income from specified source, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage receiving income from specified source, 2014
Source of income	Percent
Social Security	84.2
Asset income	61.8
Retirement benefits other than Social Security	43.8
Public and private	9.3
Public only	6.5
Private only	28.0
Earnings	28.8
Veterans' benefits	5.0
Cash public assistance	4.4
Noncash benefits	13.0

NOTE: Since the 2012 edition, changes have been made to the survey questionnaire that improved income reporting. Increases in the proportion of aged units receiving asset and pension income are likely, in part, attributable to the changes. Users are cautioned to consider this when making comparisons to prior years.

Social Security provides at least half of total income for a majority of beneficiary aged units. In 2014, 85.0% of married couples and 83.6% of nonmarried persons aged 65 or older received Social Security benefits. Social Security was the major source of income (providing at least 50% of total income) for 47.8% of aged beneficiary couples and 70.7% of aged nonmarried beneficiaries. It was 90% or more of income for 20.7% of aged beneficiary couples and 42.6% of aged nonmarried beneficiaries. Total income excludes in-kind support, such as SNAP benefits and housing and energy assistance.

Percentage of aged beneficiary units receiving Social Security benefits, by relative importance of benefits to total income, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage of aged beneficiary units receiving Social Security benefits, by relative importance of benefits to total income, 2014
	All beneficiary units	Beneficiary married couples	Nonmarried beneficiaries
50% or more of income	61.1	47.8	70.7
90% or more of income	33.4	20.7	42.6

Aged groups differ in their likelihood of receiving earnings, but not pensions. Earnings are received by a greater percentage of aged units in the youngest group than in the oldest group—49.3% compared with 8.8%. In all age groups, there is little difference in the likelihood of having a pension.

Percentage receiving income from earnings and pensions, by age, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage receiving income from earnings and pensions, by age, 2014
Age	Earnings	Private pensions	Public pensions
65 to 69	49.3	31.0	14.9
70 to 74	31.2	40.8	17.0
75 to 79	19.4	42.7	16.1
80 or older	8.8	38.4	15.6

Receipt of income from major sources varies by race and Hispanic origin. Among units aged 65 or older, whites are more likely than Asians, blacks, or Hispanics to receive Social Security, pensions, and income from assets. Receipt of earnings varies little by race and Hispanic origin. Minority aged units are more likely to receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) than are whites.

Percentage receiving income from major sources, by race and Hispanic origin, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage receiving income from major sources, by race and Hispanic origin, 2014
Major source of income	White alone	Black alone	Asian alone	Hispanic
Social Security	85.8	79.7	64.6	71.5
Asset income	65.3	39.4	49.4	33.1
Pensions	46.6	30.4	24.5	19.4
Earnings	29.5	23.1	28.8	26.4
SSI	3.2	8.6	11.0	10.1

NOTE: Since the 2012 edition, changes have been made to the survey questionnaire that improved income reporting. Increases in the proportion of aged units receiving asset and pension income are likely, in part, attributable to the changes. Users are cautioned to consider this when making comparisons to prior years.

Receipt of Social Security has become nearly universal. In 1962, 69% of units aged 65 or older received Social Security benefits; in 2014, 84% of them did. Most of that increase occurred in the 1960s. In 2014, there were significant increases in the proportion with asset and pension income, about 10 and 4 percentage points respectively. This likely reflects changes made to the survey questionnaire that improved the reporting of income sources. The proportion with earnings has declined since 1971 and has been between 20% and 30% since 1980. The proportion receiving public assistance has also declined and is now about a third of its 1962 level.

Change in percentage receiving income from major sources, selected years

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage receiving income from major sources, selected years
Year	Social Security	Pensions	Asset income	Earnings	Cash public assistance
1962	69	18	54	36	13
1967	86	22	50	27	12
1971	87	23	49	31	10
1976	89	31	56	25	11
1978	90	32	62	25	10
1980	90	34	66	23	10
1982	90	35	68	22	8
1984	91	38	68	21	9
1986	91	40	67	20	7
1988	92	42	68	22	7
1990	92	44	69	22	7
1992	92	45	67	20	7
1994	91	42	67	21	6
1996	91	41	63	21	6
1998	90	43	63	21	5
2000	90	41	59	22	5
2002	90	41	55	22	5
2004	89	41	55	24	4
2006	88.5	41.3	54.9	24.6	3.7
2008	87.2	40.7	54.4	26.4	3.9
2010	86.3	39.7	51.9	26.3	3.7
2012	86.0	39.4	51.3	28.3	3.6
2014	84.2	43.8	61.8	28.8	4.4

NOTE: Since the 2012 edition, changes have been made to the survey questionnaire that improved income reporting. Increases in the proportion of aged units receiving asset and pension income are likely, in part, attributable to the changes. Users are cautioned to consider this when making comparisons to prior years.

Receipt of asset income is associated with relatively high median income. The median income of units aged 65 or older with asset income is more than twice that of those with no asset income ($43,476 compared with $17,400). Aged units with no asset income are concentrated in the lowest income categories—one-fifth have a total income below $10,000, and approximately one-fourth have an income of $30,000 or more. Among aged units with asset income, 5.1% have a total income of less than $10,000, and two-thirds have an income of $30,000 or more.

Percentage with various levels of income, by receipt of asset income, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage with various levels of income, by receipt of asset income, 2014
Income (dollars)	With asset income	Without asset income
Less than 10,000	5.1	21.3
10,000 to 19,999	14.2	36.1
20,000 to 29,999	14.5	17.5
30,000 or more	66.3	25.1

Receipt of earnings and retirement benefits also affects total income. Of units aged 65 or older, 12.6% have no retirement benefits. Of those, 53.5% have earnings, and their median income is $60,009; 46.4% have no earnings, and their median income is $29. In the absence of earnings, median income rises markedly with the number of retirement benefit types received, from $15,963 with one retirement benefit type to $37,000 with two. For units with both earnings and retirement benefits, median income is $55,016 for those with one retirement benefit type and $76,620 for those with two.

Median income, by receipt of earnings and retirement benefits, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Median income, by receipt of earnings and retirement benefits, 2014
Receipt of retirement benefits	With earnings	With no earnings
No retirement benefits	60,009	29
One retirement benefit type	55,016	15,963
Two retirement benefit types	76,620	37,000

NOTE: Retirement benefit types are Social Security, Railroad Retirement, government pension, and private pension or annuity.

Shares of Aggregate Income

Social Security provides the largest share of aggregate income for units aged 65 or older. Aggregate income for the aged population comes largely from four sources. Social Security accounts for 33.2%, earnings for 32.2%, pensions for 20.9%, and asset income for 9.7%. Only 4.0% comes from other sources.

Shares of aggregate income, by source, 2014

Pie chart described in previous paragraph.

NOTE: Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

Shares of aggregate income from each source differ greatly by income level. Units aged 65 or older are ranked by total money income and divided into five groups of equal size called quintiles. The largest share of income for units in the lowest quintile comes from Social Security benefits (80.7%), and cash public assistance provides the second largest share (9.5%). For units in the highest quintile, earnings provide the largest share of income (45.2%), and pensions provide the second largest share (22.3%). Social Security and asset income (15.4% and 14.0%) are similar in importance.

Shares of aggregate income for the lowest and highest income quintiles, by source, 2014

Two pie charts with tabular version below.

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Shares of aggregate income for the lowest and highest income quintiles, by source, 2014
Source of aggregate income	Percentage of aggregate income for lowest quintile	Percentage of aggregate income for highest quintile
Social Security	80.7	15.4
Earnings	3.0	45.2
Pensions	3.0	22.3
Asset income	1.8	14.0
Cash public assistance	9.5	0.1
Other	2.0	3.0

NOTES: The quintile limits for aged units for 2014 are $13,499, $23,592, $39,298, and $72,129.

Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

Over time, Social Security has provided the largest share of aggregate income for units aged 65 or older. In 1962, it provided the largest share, followed closely by earnings. Over time, Social Security provided the largest share by a wide margin. However, in recent years the share of earnings has been catching up. In 2014, Social Security provided 33.2% of aggregate income, while earnings accounted for 32.2%. The share from asset income increased for over 20 years but has generally declined since the mid-1980s.

Shares of aggregate income, by source, selected years

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Shares of aggregate income, by source, selected years (in percent)
Year	Social Security	Pensions	Asset income	Earnings	Other
1962	31	9	16	29	15
1967	34	12	15	29	10
1976	39	16	18	23	4
1978	38	16	19	23	4
1980	39	16	22	19	4
1982	39	15	25	18	3
1984	38	15	28	16	3
1986	38	16	26	17	3
1988	37.9	17.5	24.8	17.0	2.8
1990	36.4	18.3	24.5	17.7	3.1
1992	39.5	19.6	20.6	17.1	3.2
1994	42.1	18.7	17.6	18.0	3.6
1996	40.3	18.5	18.0	20.0	3.2
1998	37.6	18.7	19.9	20.7	3.1
2000	38.4	18.0	17.5	23.1	3.0
2002	39.4	19.0	13.6	24.9	3.1
2004	38.6	19.7	12.6	26.3	2.7
2006	36.7	17.9	14.9	27.8	2.7
2008	36.5	18.5	12.7	29.7	2.7
2010	36.7	18.6	11.4	30.2	3.1
2012	35.3	17.1	10.5	33.9	3.0
2014	33.2	20.9	9.7	32.2	4.0
NOTE: Statistic was not produced in 1971.

NOTE: Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

Family Income of Persons 65 or Older

The demographic composition of the elderly varies across age groups. The proportion of men to women differs little for ages 65–69, but women 80 or older greatly outnumber men 80 or older. Persons 65–69 are nearly twice as likely to be married than nonmarried, but about half of persons 80 or older are widowed. Racial and ethnic composition varies across age cohorts as well; the younger cohorts are represented by larger proportions of minorities than the older cohorts. Approximately one-fifth of elderly persons live with nonspouse family, consistent across age categories.

Percentage distribution of persons 65 or older, 2014
	65 or older	65–69	70–74	75–79	80 or older
Sex
Men	44.4	47.0	46.1	44.7	38.9
Women	55.6	53.0	53.9	55.3	61.1
Marital status
Married	56.2	64.1	61.4	57.5	38.9
Nonmarried	43.8	35.9	38.6	42.5	61.1
Widowed	24.4	10.9	18.2	26.1	48.8
Divorced	12.2	16.1	13.6	10.1	6.6
Never married	4.8	6.4	4.6	3.9	3.6
Race
White alone	84.9	83.3	85.0	84.7	87.2
Black alone	9.0	10.1	8.7	9.2	7.7
Asian alone	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.0
Hispanic origin	7.9	8.9	7.4	7.4	7.3
Living with nonspouse family	21.8	23.6	19.5	19.6	23.3
Total number of aged persons (thousands)	45,994	15,728	11,209	8,002	11,054
NOTE: Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

The aged are an economically diverse group. The median family income for persons aged 65 or older is $43,000, but there are wide differences within the total group. Approximately 6.0% have family income of under $10,000, and roughly 43.9% have family income of $50,000 or more.

Percentage with various levels of family income, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage with various levels of family income, 2014
Income (dollars)	Percent
Less than 5,000	2.5
5,000 to 9,999	3.5
10,000 to 14,999	7.5
15,000 to 19,999	7.6
20,000 to 24,999	7.1
25,000 to 29,999	6.8
30,000 to 34,999	5.9
35,000 to 39,999	5.7
40,000 to 44,999	4.9
45,000 to 49,999	4.4
50,000 to 74,999	16.0
75,000 to 99,999	9.7
100,000 or more	18.2

NOTES: Totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the rounded components.

Family income of persons 65 or older tends to be higher than the income of aged units 65 or older because it includes income from all family members, not just a spouse. In addition, each elderly person counts individually rather than as part of a marital unit; statistics based on aged units give greater weight to nonmarried persons as compared to statistics based on persons.

Family total income varies by age and sex. Median family total income is highest for the youngest cohorts. In addition, in all age groups, women have lower median family total income than men, from $49,495 for woman aged 65 to 69 to $26,496 for women aged 80 or older.

Median family income, by sex and age, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Median family income, by sex and age, 2014
Age	All persons	Men	Women
65 to 69	54,069	60,082	49,495
70 to 74	45,501	51,979	41,247
75 to 79	38,616	45,491	33,606
80 or older	31,368	39,064	26,496

NOTE: Family income of persons 65 or older tends to be higher than the income of aged units 65 or older because it includes income from all family members, not just a spouse. In addition, each elderly person counts individually rather than as part of a marital unit; statistics based on aged units give greater weight to nonmarried persons as compared to statistics based on persons.

Family median income varies by sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Median family income of men is roughly one-third higher than it is for women. Asians have the highest median family income, followed by whites, Hispanics, and blacks.

Median family income, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Median family income, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 2014
Sex, race, or Hispanic origin	Dollars
All persons	43,000
Men	50,319
Women	37,713
White alone	44,208
Black alone	30,059
Asian alone	53,495
Hispanic	35,123

NOTE: Family income of persons 65 or older tends to be higher than the income of aged units 65 or older because it includes income from all family members, not just a spouse. In addition, each elderly person counts individually rather than as part of a marital unit; statistics based on aged units give greater weight to nonmarried persons as compared to statistics based on persons.

Family income sources vary by sex. Men are more likely than women to be in families receiving income from any source other than Social Security and public assistance.

Family income source, by sex, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Family income source, by sex, 2014
Source of income	All persons	Men	Women
Social Security	86.0	85.6	86.4
Asset income	67.1	69.8	65.0
Retirement benefits other than Social Security	47.7	49.5	46.2
Earnings	40.2	43.4	37.6
Veterans' benefits	5.6	7.3	4.2
Cash public assistance	5.2	4.1	6.0
Noncash benefits	11.0	8.2	13.4

NOTES: Family income of persons 65 or older tends to be higher than the income of aged units 65 or older because it includes income from all family members, not just a spouse. In addition, each elderly person counts individually rather than as part of a marital unit; statistics based on aged units give greater weight to nonmarried persons as compared to statistics based on persons.

Since the 2012 edition, changes have been made to the survey questionnaire that improved income reporting. Increases in the proportion of aged units receiving asset and pension income are likely, in part, attributable to the changes. Users are cautioned to consider this when making comparisons to prior years.

Social Security was the major source of family total income for slightly more than half of persons 65 or older in families receiving benefits. For about one-quarter of the elderly, Social Security was most of family total income. Social Security was the predominant source of family income for one-fifth of elderly men in beneficiary families and over one-quarter of elderly women in beneficiary families. Social Security accounted for less than half of family income for about half of the elderly men in beneficiary families and 44.8% of elderly women in beneficiary families.

Percentage of aged persons in families receiving Social Security benefits, by sex and relative importance of family benefits to family total income, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Percentage of aged persons in families receiving Social Security benefits, by sex and relative importance of family benefits to family total income, 2014
	All persons	Men	Women
50% or more of income	51.8	47.5	55.2
90% or more of income	24.7	21.3	27.4

NOTE: Family income of persons 65 or older tends to be higher than the income of aged units 65 or older because it includes income from all family members, not just a spouse. In addition, each elderly person counts individually rather than as part of a marital unit; statistics based on aged units give greater weight to nonmarried persons as compared to statistics based on persons.

Poverty Status, Based on Family Income

High proportions of nonmarried and minority persons aged 65 or older are poor or near poor. The variations in family income by sex, marital status, and race are reflected in the poverty rates for those subgroups of the aged. Nonmarried persons, blacks, and Hispanics have the highest poverty rates, ranging from 16.4% to 19.2%. An additional 8.5% to 10.3% of nonmarried persons, blacks, and Hispanics have incomes between the poverty line and 125% of the poverty line (the near poor).

Poverty status, by sex, marital status, race, and Hispanic origin, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Poverty status, by sex, marital status, race, and Hispanic origin, 2014 (in percent)
Sex, marital status, race, or Hispanic origin	Poor	Near poor
All persons	10.0	5.2
Men	7.4	4.1
Women	12.1	6.1
Married	5.0	2.5
Nonmarried	16.4	8.7
White alone	8.7	4.9
Black alone	19.2	8.5
Asian alone	14.7	4.9
Hispanic	18.1	10.3

The oldest age group (80 or older) has the highest poverty rate. In keeping with the lower family income of older age groups, those groups generally have higher rates of poverty and near poverty (income between the poverty line and 125% of the poverty line).

Poverty status, by age, 2014

Show as table

Table equivalent for chart. Poverty status, by age, 2014 (in percent)
Age	Poor	Near poor
65 to 69	8.6	4.1
70 to 74	8.9	4.2
75 to 79	11.1	5.5
80 or older	12.2	7.8

Definitions and Notes

Income Sources

Asset income includes interest, dividends, income from estates or trusts, and net rental income or royalties.

Cash public assistance includes Supplemental Security Income and other cash public assistance payments low-income people receive, such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC, ADC), temporary assistance to needy families (TANF), general assistance, and emergency assistance.

Earnings is the sum of income from wages and salaries and income from self-employment.

Noncash benefits include Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits (SNAP benefits formerly known as food stamps), energy assistance, and housing assistance. Noncash benefits are not included as money income for public assistance or total income.

Retirement benefits include Social Security, other public sources such as Railroad Retirement and government employee pensions (military, federal, state, and local), and private pensions and annuities.

Social Security includes retired-worker benefits, dependent or survivor benefits, disability benefits, transitionally insured benefits, and special age-72 benefits.

Pensions include payments from private pensions and annuities; government employee pensions; Railroad Retirement; and individual retirement accounts (IRAs), Keoghs, and 401(k) plans.

Income

Total money income is the sum of all income received by the aged unit before any deductions such as taxes, union dues, or Medicare premiums. Total money income does not reflect nonmoney transfers such as SNAP benefits, health benefits, subsidized housing, payments in kind, or fringe benefits from one's employment. Total money income does not include capital gains or losses.

Aggregate income is the sum of the total money income of all aged units in the population of interest. Several charts in this book present the shares of aggregate income attributable to specific sources, such as Social Security.

Source of Data

Data for this series are from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) of the U.S. Census Bureau. The CPS samples a large cross section of households in the United States each year (approximately 100,000 in March 2015). The March supplement gathers detailed information on income and labor force participation of each person 15 years of age or older in the sample households.

General Notes

This publication covers the population aged 65 or older. The unit of analysis here, with the exception of the measures of poverty and family income of persons, is the aged unit, which is a married couple living together or a person who does not live with a spouse. A married couple's age is defined as the age of the husband—unless he is under age 55 and the wife is 55 or older, in which case it is the age of the wife. The race and Hispanic origin of a married couple are determined by the husband. The unit of analysis for family income of persons and poverty is persons aged 65 or older.

Beginning with data for 2002, respondents may identify themselves in more than one racial group. The “White alone” and “Black alone” categories reflect respondents who reported only one race.

All years are calendar years.

Nonmarried men and nonmarried women include persons who are separated or married but living apart from their spouse.

Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.