Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2013
Cape Verde
Old Age, Disability, and Survivors
Regulatory Framework
First law: 1957.
Current laws: 2003 (self-employed persons), 2004 (employed persons), 2006 (civil servants), 2006 (cooperatives), 2007 (municipal agents), 2007 (labor code), 2009 (self-employed persons), and 2009 (household workers).
Type of program: Social insurance system.
Coverage
Private- and public-sector employees (including civil servants first employed after December 31, 2005), self-employed persons, household workers, and certain business owners and cooperative employees.
Special systems for civil servants (first employed before January 1, 2006); central bank employees; municipal agents (first employed before January 1, 2008); and certain business owners, cooperative employees, and self-employed persons.
Source of Funds
Insured person: 3% of gross monthly earnings plus 1% of gross monthly earnings for administrative fees.
The insured person's administrative fees also finance sickness and maternity benefits.
Self-employed person: 10% of gross monthly earnings plus 1.5% of gross monthly earnings for administrative fees.
The self-employed person's administrative fees also finance sickness and maternity benefits.
Employer: 7% of gross monthly payroll plus 1% of gross monthly payroll for administrative fees.
The employer's administrative fees also finance sickness and maternity benefits.
Government: None; contributes as an employer.
Qualifying Conditions
Old-age pension: Age 65 (men) or age 60 (women) with at least 15 years of contributions.
The pension is payable abroad.
Disability pension: Must be assessed with a disability of at least 66.7% or a loss of earning capacity of at least 33.3% and have at least five years of contributions.
The pension is payable abroad.
Survivor pension: The deceased received or was entitled to receive an old-age or disability pension or had at least 36 months of contributions.
Eligible survivors include a widow older than age 50 or disabled, a widower older than age 55, and children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled).
A temporary survivor pension is paid for up to five years to a widow younger than age 50, a widower younger than age 55, and children aged 18 to 25 who are students.
The pension ceases on remarriage.
The pension is payable abroad.
Old-Age Benefits
Old-age pension: 2% of the insured's annual average earnings plus an annual coefficient adjusted for changes in the cost of living is paid for each 12-month period of coverage.
The annual average earnings used to calculate benefits are the 120 best-paid months in the last 15 years of contributions.
The minimum monthly pension is 6,000 escudos.
The maximum monthly pension is 80% of the insured's average monthly earnings.
Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted periodically according to changes in the average salary of public servants.
Permanent Disability Benefits
Disability pension: 2% of the insured's annual average earnings plus an annual coefficient adjusted for changes in the cost of living is paid for each 12-month period of coverage is paid.
The annual average earnings used to calculate benefits are the 120 best-paid months in the last 15 years of contributions.
The minimum monthly pension is 6,000 escudos.
The maximum monthly pension is 80% of the insured's average monthly earnings.
Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted periodically according to changes in the average salary of public servants.
Survivor Benefits
Spouse's pension: 50% of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid.
Orphan's pension: 25% of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each orphan; 50% to each full orphan.
All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.
Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted periodically according to changes in the average salary of public servants.
Administrative Organization
Ministry of Labor, Family, and Solidarity (http://www.mtfs.gov.cv) provides general supervision.
National Social Insurance Institute (http://www.inps.cv) administers the program.
Sickness and Maternity
Regulatory Framework
First law: 1976.
Current laws: 2003 (self-employed persons), 2004 (employed persons), 2006 (civil servants), 2006 (cooperatives), 2007 (municipal agents), 2007 (labor code), 2009 (self-employed persons), and 2009 (household workers).
Type of program: Social insurance system.
Coverage
Public- and private-sector employees, self-employed persons, and household workers.
Voluntary coverage for cash benefits for business owners and cooperative employees.
Business owners, cooperative employees, pensioners, and recipients of social insurance benefits are covered for medical benefits.
Special systems provide cash benefits for civil servants and certain business owners and cooperative employees.
Source of Funds
Insured person: 4% of gross monthly earnings.
See also Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.
Self-employed person: 8% of gross monthly earnings.
See also Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.
Employer: 4% of gross monthly payroll.
See also Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.
Government: None; contributes as an employer.
Qualifying Conditions
Cash sickness and maternity benefits: The insured must have at least four months of contributions.
Sickness and Maternity Benefits
Sickness benefit: 70% of the insured's last monthly earnings or average earnings in the last four months (whichever is greater) is paid from the fourth day of the illness for up to 1,095 days. The employer pays 100% of earnings for the first three days. If the sickness lasts longer than 30 days, a medical board must evaluate the insured's health status.
Maternity benefit: 90% of the insured's last monthly earnings or average earnings in the last four months (whichever is greater) is paid for up to 60 days. The benefit is paid as a lump sum. (A nursing allowance is paid under Family Allowances.)
Workers' Medical Benefits
Benefits include general and specialist care, surgery, hospitalization, laboratory services, doctor's home visits, medicine, prostheses, and dental care.
The Ministry of Health provides medical care directly through public clinics and hospitals. Certain treatments not available in public clinics and hospitals are reimbursed by the National Social Insurance Institute.
Cost sharing: Insured persons pay 15%, 25%, 45%, or 50% of the cost of medicine, according to a schedule in law; pensioners pay 5%, 15%, 40%, or 45%. Medicine is free for low-income pensioners. Insured persons and pensioners pay 30% to 50% of the cost of dental care and 20%, 25%, 30%, or 40% of the cost of prostheses and appliances. Low-income pensioners pay 15% less than insured persons and pensioners for dental care, prostheses, and appliances.
1,300 escudos (1,700 escudos for low-income pensioners) a day is paid if domestic travel is required; 2,300 escudos (3,200 for low-income pensioners) when the pensioner is accompanied by an authorized person.
2,000 escudos (3,200 escudos for low-income pensioners) a day is paid for care abroad; 3,200 escudos (5,000 escudos for low-income pensioners) when the pensioner is accompanied by an authorized person.
Low-income pensioners are persons earning less than 2.5 times the monthly minimum wage for public-sector workers.
The monthly minimum wage for public-sector workers is 15,000 escudos.
Dependents' Medical Benefits
Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.
Eligible dependents include children up to age 18 or receiving family allowances, dependent parents, and dependent grandparents.
Administrative Organization
Ministry of Health (http://www.minsaude.gov.cv) provides general supervision.
National Health Service administers the program.
National Social Insurance Institute (http://www.inps.cv) pays cash benefits.
Work Injury
Regulatory Framework
First law: 1960.
Current laws: 1978 (compulsory insurance) and 1991 (administration).
Type of program: Social insurance system.
Coverage
Employed persons; tenant farmers and sharecroppers; members of cooperative enterprises; apprentices and trainees; certain categories of volunteer workers; and certain categories of self-employed persons, including family members employed by them.
Exclusions: Company managers, owners, and shareholders.
Special system for civil servants.
Source of Funds
Insured person: None.
Self-employed person: 6% of covered monthly earnings.
The maximum daily earnings used to calculate contributions are 300 escudos.
Employer: 2% of covered monthly payroll for salaried employees or 6% of covered monthly payroll for all other workers is paid; for household workers, 50 escudos a month (full time) or 30 escudos a month (part time) is paid.
The maximum daily earnings used to calculate contributions are 300 escudos.
Government: None.
Qualifying Conditions
Work injury benefits: There is no qualifying period. Accidents that occur while commuting to and from work are covered.
Temporary Disability Benefits
If the insured is assessed with a total disability, 40% of the insured's earnings on the day the injury occurred (40% of average earnings in the last six months if those earnings differ from the insured's normal earnings) is paid for the first 14 days; thereafter, 70%. For hospitalization, the benefit is 40% of the insured's earnings; 70% with dependents. The benefit is paid for up to 1,095 days.
The maximum daily earnings used to calculate benefits are 300 escudos.
Partial disability: 25% of the insured's earnings on the day the injury occurred is paid (40% of average earnings in the last six months if those earnings differ from the insured's normal earnings).
Permanent Disability Benefits
Permanent disability pension: If the insured is assessed with a total (100%) disability, 70% of the insured's earnings on the day the injury occurred is paid from the day after the disability began (70% of average earnings in the last six months if those earnings differ from the insured's normal earnings). The employer pays the insured's earnings for the day of the work injury.
The maximum daily earnings used to calculate benefits are 300 escudos.
Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 30% of the insured's earnings is paid.
Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is 10% to 99%, a percentage of the full disability pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.
The degree of disability is assessed according to a schedule in law.
The insured may be required to undergo medical examinations every six months during the first two years; thereafter, every year.
Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted for changes in the cost of living, depending on the financial resources of the system.
Workers' Medical Benefits
Benefits include medical treatment, surgery, hospitalization, prostheses, appliances, and transportation.
Survivor Benefits
Spouse's pension: 30% of the deceased's earnings on the day the injury occurred (30% of the deceased's average earnings in the last six months if those earnings differ from normal earnings) is paid.
Eligible survivors include a dependent widow, a dependent widower older than age 64 or disabled, and a divorced spouse receiving alimony. If there is more than one eligible divorced spouse, the pension is split equally.
The maximum daily earnings used to calculate benefits are 300 escudos.
The pension ceases if the widow(er) remarries or cohabits.
Remarriage allowance: A lump sum of one year of the pension is paid.
Orphan's pension: 15% of the deceased's earnings is paid for each dependent child up to age 18 (age 24 if a student, no limit if disabled); 45% for each full orphan.
Other eligible survivors: 10% of the deceased's earnings is paid to dependent parents, dependent grandparents, and dependent brothers and sisters up to age 16.
The total monthly survivor pension for other eligible survivors is 30% of the deceased's earnings.
All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 70% of the deceased's monthly earnings.
Funeral grant: The cost of the funeral, up to 7,500 escudos, is paid.
Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted for changes in the cost of living, depending on the financial resources of the system.
Administrative Organization
Ministry of Labor, Family, and Solidarity (http://www.mtfs.gov.cv) provides general supervision.
Private insurance companies administer the program.
Family Allowances
Regulatory Framework
First law: 1957.
Current law: 2004 (employed persons).
Type of program: Social insurance system.
Coverage
Persons in insured employment or receiving social insurance benefits.
Exclusions: Self-employed persons.
Special system for civil servants.
Source of Funds
Insured person: None.
Self-employed person: Not applicable.
Employer: 3% of gross monthly payroll.
Government: None.
Qualifying Conditions
Family allowances: Children must be younger than age 15 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled). The allowance is also paid for the insured's parents if each parent's income is less than the monthly minimum wage for public-sector workers.
The monthly minimum wage for public-sector workers is 15,000 escudos.
Family Allowance Benefits
Family allowances: 500 escudos a month is paid for each eligible dependent; 2,000 escudos a month for each disabled child younger than age 14; 3,000 escudos a month for each disabled child aged 14 or older. The allowance is paid for up to four children; the limit on the number of children is waived if the parent is a pensioner or if the insured is deceased and the mother is an unemployed widow.
Nursing allowance: 1,500 escudos a month is paid for six months. The allowance is paid as a lump sum.
Funeral grant: The cost of the funeral, up to 30,000 escudos, is paid for the death of the insured, the insured's spouse, or children older than age 14; 20,000 escudos for children aged 5 to 14; 12,000 escudos for children younger than age 5.
Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically.
Administrative Organization
Ministry of Labor, Family, and Solidarity (http://www.mtfs.gov.cv) provides general supervision.
National Social Insurance Institute (http://www.inps.cv) administers the program.