Belarus

Old Age, Disability, and Survivors

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1956.

Current laws: 1992 (pensions); 1995 (social insurance); 2003 (public service); and 2008 (occupational pensions), implemented in 2009.

Type of program: Social insurance and social assistance system.

Coverage

Social insurance: Employed persons residing permanently in Belarus, including priests and employees of religious organizations, members of cooperatives, and farmers.

Special systems for those working under hazardous conditions, certain categories of professional activities, government employees, military personnel, and persons injured in the Chernobyl disaster.

Social assistance: Residents of Belarus.

Source of Funds

Insured person

Social insurance: 1% of earnings.

Social assistance: None.

Self-employed person

Social insurance: 29% of declared income.

The self-employed person's contributions to Sickness and Maternity finance the funeral grant (see source of funds for Sickness and Maternity).

Social assistance: None.

Employer

Social insurance: The contribution varies according to industry and business. Most employers contribute 28% of gross payroll.

The employer's contributions to Sickness and Maternity finance the funeral grant (see source of funds for Sickness and Maternity).

Social assistance: None.

Government

Social insurance: Finances military personnel pensions and provides subsidies as needed.

Social assistance: The total cost.

Qualifying Conditions

Old-age pension (social insurance): Age 60 with at least 25 years of coverage including 15 years and six months of paid contributions (men) or age 55 with at least 20 years of coverage including 15 years and six months of paid contributions (women).

Qualifying conditions are reduced for those working under hazardous conditions, war veterans, parents of children with disabilities, persons with disabilities since childhood, mothers of five or more children, and mothers of soldiers killed in action.

Partial pension: Paid if the insured does not meet the coverage requirements for a full old-age pension.

Benefits are payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.

Old-age social pension (social assistance): Paid to nonworking citizens aged 65 (men) or aged 60 (women) who are not entitled to receive an old-age social insurance pension.

Disability pension (social insurance): Must be assessed with a Group I disability (total disability requiring constant attendance), a Group II disability (total disability), or a Group III disability (partial disability), with at least one to 15 years of covered employment, depending on the insured's age when the disability began.

Partial pension: The insured has a Group I or Group II disability but does not qualify for a full disability pension. There is no partial pension for Group III.

Constant-attendance supplement: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.

Disability social pension (social assistance): Paid to nonworking citizens who are not entitled to receive a disability social insurance pension and have been disabled since childhood, or who are younger than age 18 and disabled.

Survivor pension (social insurance): The deceased was the head of the household and received or was entitled to receive a disability pension.

Eligible survivors include a dependent spouse; children, siblings, and grandchildren younger than age 18 (age 23 if a student, no limit if disabled before age 18); the insured's parents if they are of pensionable age, disabled, or care for a child younger than age 8 and do not work; and dependent grandparents.

Orphan's pension (social assistance): Paid to orphans younger than age 18 (no limit if disabled before age 18).

Funeral grant (social insurance): Paid to the person who pays for the funeral.

Old-Age Benefits

Old-age pension (social insurance): The monthly pension is 55% of the wage base plus 1% of the insured's average monthly earnings for each year of coverage over 25 (men) and 20 (women) years. An additional 1% of the insured's average monthly earnings is paid for each year of coverage exceeding 10 years in hazardous work (seven and a half years for women), up to 20%.

The wage base is determined by the Council of Ministers.

The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate the pension are 1% of the minimum old-age pension.

The minimum pension is 25% of the national average subsistence income level in the last six months plus 20% of the national average wage.

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

The national average wage is 6,551,600 Belarusian rubles.

The maximum pension is 8,285,600 Belarusian rubles.

Partial pension: The monthly benefit is reduced in proportion to the number of years of coverage less than that required for a full pension.

The minimum partial pension is 50% of the minimum pension; 100% of the minimum pension for mothers of at least five children.

Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted according to increases in the national average wage. The minimum pension is adjusted according to changes in the national average subsistence income level.

Old-age social pension (social assistance): 50% of the national average subsistence income level in the last six months is paid.

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

Benefit adjustment: The social pension is adjusted according to changes in the national average subsistence income level.

Permanent Disability Benefits

Disability pension (social insurance): 75% of the insured's monthly average earnings is paid for a Group I disability; 65% for Group II; 40% for Group III.

The minimum disability pension is 100% of the minimum old-age pension for a Group I or Group II disability; 50% for a Group III disability.

Partial pension: A percentage of the full pension is paid, according to the number of years of coverage.

The minimum partial pension is 100% of the minimum old-age pension for a Group I disability and for mothers with at least five children regardless of their disability group; 50% of the minimum old-age pension for a Group II disability.

Expert medical rehabilitation commissions assess the degree of disability.

Constant-attendance supplement: 100% of the minimum old-age pension is paid for a pensioner with a Group I disability; 50% for persons aged 80 or older, disabled children younger than age 18, persons with a Group II disability that began in childhood, and single pensioners.

Social disability pension (social assistance): 110% of the national average subsistence income level in the last six months is paid for a Group I disability, 95% for a Group II disability that began in childhood; 85% for a Group II disability that began in adulthood; and 75% for a Group III disability.

For children younger than age 18 with a disability, the pension is 80% to 110% of the national average subsistence income level, depending on the assessed degree of disability.

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

Expert medical rehabilitation commissions assess the degree of disability.

Benefit adjustment: The social pension is adjusted according to changes in the national average subsistence income level.

Survivor Benefits

Survivor pension (social insurance): 40% of the deceased head of the household's last covered earnings prior to the date of death is paid for each eligible survivor; 50% for orphans.

The minimum survivor pension is 100% of the minimum old-age pension; 200% for the loss of both parents or the death of a single mother.

Partial pension: The pension is reduced proportionately if the deceased has less than the number of years of coverage required for a full pension.

The minimum partial pension is 50% of the minimum old-age pension, 100% for mothers with at least five children, and 200% for orphans.

The minimum old-age pension is 25% of the national average subsistence income level in the last six months. 

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

Funeral grant (social insurance): A lump sum equal to the national average wage in the month before the date of the death is paid.

The national average wage is 6,551,600 Belarusian rubles.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted according to increases in the national average wage.

Orphan's social pension (social assistance): 85% of the national average subsistence income level is paid to each orphan.

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

Benefit adjustment: The social pension is adjusted according to changes in the national average subsistence income level.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://mintrud.gov.by) and its local offices administer the program.

Social Protection Fund of the Population (http://www.ssf.gov.by) of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection administers the program.

Sickness and Maternity

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1955.

Current laws: 1993 (health), 1995 (social insurance), 1997 (sickness), and 2012 (family benefits).

Type of program: Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.

Coverage

Cash sickness and maternity benefits: Employed persons, military personnel, and registered unemployed women (maternity benefits only).

Medical benefits: Residents of Belarus.

Source of Funds

Insured person: None.

Self-employed person: 6% of declared income.

The self-employed person's contributions also finance family allowances, unemployment benefits, and the funeral grant.

Employer: 6% of payroll.

The employer's contributions also finance family allowances, unemployment benefits, and the funeral grant.

Government: The cost of medical benefits; the cost of maternity benefits for military personnel, civil servants, and students.

Qualifying Conditions

Cash sickness benefits: Paid for employed and self-employed persons working in Belarus.

Cash maternity benefits: There is no minimum qualifying period. Unemployed women must be receiving the unemployment benefit.

Prenatal care grant: Paid to those registered with the state health care system before the 12th week of pregnancy.

Medical benefits: There is no minimum qualifying period.

Sickness and Maternity Benefits

Sickness benefit: 80% of the insured's average earnings is paid for the first 12 days of incapacity; thereafter, 100%. 100% of the insured's average earnings is paid to care for a sick child younger than age 14 for up to 14 days or for periods of hospitalization as recommended by a doctor.

The monthly maximum benefit is 300% of the national average wage in the month before the incapacity began.

The national average wage is 6,551,600 Belarusian rubles.

Maternity benefit: 100% of average monthly earnings is paid to employed women; 100% of the education grant to students on leave from employment; 100% of the unemployment benefit is paid to unemployed women.

The minimum monthly benefit is 50% of the national average subsistence income level.

The maximum monthly benefit is three times the national average wage in the month before the expected date of childbirth and maternity leave.

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

The national average wage is 6,551,600 Belarusian rubles.

Benefits are paid for 126 calendar days (140 calendar days if there are complications or multiple births). For the adoption of a child younger than three months, the benefit is paid for 70 days, starting from the date of the adoption.

Prenatal care grant: A lump sum of the average subsistence income level is paid before the date of the birth.

The national average subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

Workers' Medical Benefits

Government health providers offer medical services directly to the insured, including general and specialist care, hospitalization, prostheses, medication, and other medical care services.

Dependents' Medical Benefits

Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://mintrud.gov.by) provides general supervision.

Social Protection Fund of the Population (http://www.ssf.gov.by) of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection finances sickness and maternity benefits.

Ministry of Health (http://minzdrav.by) and local health departments provide general supervision and coordinate medical care.

Government clinics, hospitals, maternity homes, and other facilities provide medical services; the Ministry of Health and local health departments administer medical services.

Work Injury

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1939.

Current laws: 2006 (insurance activity).

Type of program: Social insurance system.

Coverage

Employed persons and students in vocational training.

Exclusions: Self-employed persons.

Source of Funds

Insured person: None.

Self-employed person: Not applicable.

Employer: Contributions vary from 0.3% to 0.9% of payroll according to the assessed professional risk.

Government: None.

Qualifying Conditions

Work injury benefits: There is no minimum qualifying period. Work injury benefits are reduced by up to 50% if the work injury is deemed to be caused by gross negligence on the part of the insured.

Temporary Disability Benefits

100% of the insured's average daily earnings before the work accident occurred or the occupational disease began is paid from the first day of incapacity until recovery or certification of permanent disability.

Permanent Disability Benefits

Permanent disability pension: The pension is the insured's adjusted monthly earnings before the disability began according to the assessed loss of working capacity.

The minimum adjusted monthly earnings used to calculate the pension are 60% of the national average monthly wage.

The national average wage is 6,551,600 Belarusian rubles.

May receive other pensions at the same time.

Permanent disability grant: A lump sum of six times the value of the permanent disability pension is paid.

Workers' Medical Benefits

Government health providers offer medical services directly to the insured, including general and specialist care, hospitalization, prostheses, medication, and other medical care services. Supplementary compensation is provided for food, transportation, and other necessary special services in case of serious injury.

Survivor Benefits

Survivor pension: If the insured's death is the result of a work injury or an occupational disease, a monthly pension is paid.

Eligible survivors include the widow(er), survivors younger than age 18 (age 23 if a student), old-age pensioners, disabled persons, one of the insured's parents, and other nonworking relatives with dependents younger than age 14 or disabled.

Survivor grant: A lump sum of 12 times the deceased's average monthly earnings is paid.

Eligible survivors include the widow(er), regardless of working capacity, survivors younger than age 18 (age 23 if a student), old-age pensioners, disabled persons, one of the insured's parents, and other nonworking relatives with dependents younger than age 14 or disabled.

The benefit is split equally among all eligible survivors.

Administrative Organization

Belarusian Republican Unitary Insurance Company Belgostrakh (http://www.bgs.by) administers the work injury and occupational diseases insurance program.

Employers and local social protection offices pay temporary disability benefits.

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://mintrud.gov.by) and its local offices administer the permanent disability and survivor pensions program.

Ministry of Health and local health departments provide general supervision and coordinate medical benefits.

Government clinics, hospitals, maternity homes, and other facilities provide medical services.

Unemployment

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1921.

Current law: 2006 (employment).

Type of program: Social insurance system.

Coverage

Permanent resident citizens of Belarus.

Source of Funds

Employee: None.

Self-employed person: See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.

Employer: See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.

Government: Subsidies as needed from state and local governments.

Qualifying Conditions

Unemployment benefit: Must be unemployed and of working-age. The insured must register at the state employment office as unemployed (must not be enrolled in a day-program at an educational institute, enlisted in military or government service, or engaged in a business pursuit) and be able and willing to work. Unemployment must be involuntary.

Unemployment Benefits

70% of average earnings of all employees at the last place of employment is paid for the first 13 weeks and 50% for the next 13 weeks for those who were employed full-time (or employed for at least 12 weeks in the last 12-month period).

100% of the wage base is paid for the first 13 weeks and 75% for the next 13 weeks for an unemployed person who had more than 12 months of covered employment (but less than 12 weeks of paid work in the last 12 months), for a worker returning to work after a period of interruption longer than 12 months but with at least 12 months of covered employment or an unemployed person who is ineligible for regular unemployment benefits, but was gainfully employed in public works for at least 22 days.

85% of the wage base is paid for 13 weeks and 70% for the next 13 weeks for an unemployed person who is a first-time job seeker or for a long-term unemployed person who has worked for less than a year in total.

The maximum benefit is twice the wage base.

The wage base is determined by the Council of Ministers.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://mintrud.gov.by) and its structures administer the program.

Family Allowances

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1944.

Current law: 2012 (family benefits).

Type of program: Universal and social assistance system.

Coverage

Permanent residents of Belarus.

Source of Funds

Insured person: None.

Self-employed person: See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.

Employer: See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.

Government: Subsidies as needed from state and local governments.

Qualifying Conditions

Child care allowance for a child up to age 3: Paid to a mother or a father, adoptive parents, or a guardian.

Child care allowance for a child aged 3 or older: Paid to families caring for a child aged 3 to 18 who are also caring for a child younger than age 3, to families caring for a child aged 3 to 18 who is disabled or diagnosed with HIV, and to certain other families caring for a child aged 3 to 18.

Sick child care allowance: Paid for a child younger than age 14 in outpatient care or younger than age 5 (age 18 if disabled) if hospitalized.

Sanatorium-spa treatment allowance: Paid for a disabled child younger than age 18.

Birth grant: Paid to the child's mother, father, or guardian, or to parents who adopted a child younger than 6 months old.

Family Allowance Benefits

Child care allowance for a child up to age 3: 35% of the national average wage is paid for the first child; 40% for the second and subsequent child; 45% for a disabled child.

Child care allowance for a child aged 3 or older: 50% of the minimum subsistence income level is paid for a child aged 3 to 18 whose parents are also caring for a child younger than age 3; 70% for a child aged 3 to 18 diagnosed with HIV and for certain other families caring for children aged 3 to 18; and 100% for a disabled child aged 3 to 18.

The national minimum subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

The national average wage is 6,551,600 Belarusian rubles.

Sick child care allowance: 100% of the insured's average daily earnings is paid for the duration of the illness.

Sanatorium-spa treatment allowance: 100% of the insured's average daily earnings is paid for the duration of the treatment.

Birth grant: 10 times the minimum subsistence income level prior to the birth is paid for the first child; 14 times for the second and subsequent child.

The national minimum subsistence income level is 1,591,310 Belarusian rubles (February 2016).

Additional grants are paid for multiple births and for families with several children.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://mintrud.gov.by) provides general oversight of the program.

Social Protection Fund of the Population (http://www.ssf.gov.by) administers the program.

Enterprises and employers pay benefits to employees.

Local offices of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://mintrud.gov.by) administer benefits for nonworking mothers.