Mortality Among Disability Beneficiaries
May 2022The mortality of DI beneficiaries at any given age is highest during the first few years of benefit receipt and declines with the number of years on the DI rolls
In recent decades, mortality of DI beneficiaries during the first year of benefit receipt has declined at a faster rate, compared with the general population and DI beneficiaries at 10+ years of benefit receipt
Despite longevity gains, the mortality of DI beneficiaries in any time period, at any age, and at any benefit duration is substantially higher, relative to the general population
Year | Male | Female | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age 35 | Age 60 | Age 35 | Age 60 | |||||||||
U.S. population | DI Duration 0 | DI Duration 10+ | U.S. population | DI Duration 0 | DI Duration 10+ | U.S. population | DI Duration 0 | DI Duration 10+ | U.S. population | DI Duration 0 | DI Duration 10+ | |
1900 | 0.009845 | . . . | . . . | 0.031228 | . . . | . . . | 0.009134 | . . . | . . . | 0.028100 | . . . | . . . |
1901 | 0.009805 | . . . | . . . | 0.032451 | . . . | . . . | 0.008613 | . . . | . . . | 0.029123 | . . . | . . . |
1902 | 0.009228 | . . . | . . . | 0.030828 | . . . | . . . | 0.008004 | . . . | . . . | 0.026525 | . . . | . . . |
1903 | 0.009305 | . . . | . . . | 0.032061 | . . . | . . . | 0.008383 | . . . | . . . | 0.028084 | . . . | . . . |
1904 | 0.010022 | . . . | . . . | 0.035316 | . . . | . . . | 0.008650 | . . . | . . . | 0.029251 | . . . | . . . |
1905 | 0.009659 | . . . | . . . | 0.033778 | . . . | . . . | 0.008114 | . . . | . . . | 0.028541 | . . . | . . . |
1906 | 0.009986 | . . . | . . . | 0.032754 | . . . | . . . | 0.007973 | . . . | . . . | 0.027444 | . . . | . . . |
1907 | 0.010370 | . . . | . . . | 0.034666 | . . . | . . . | 0.008214 | . . . | . . . | 0.028824 | . . . | . . . |
1908 | 0.008696 | . . . | . . . | 0.031435 | . . . | . . . | 0.007374 | . . . | . . . | 0.026550 | . . . | . . . |
1909 | 0.008336 | . . . | . . . | 0.030649 | . . . | . . . | 0.007283 | . . . | . . . | 0.025667 | . . . | . . . |
1910 | 0.008706 | . . . | . . . | 0.031765 | . . . | . . . | 0.007112 | . . . | . . . | 0.026053 | . . . | . . . |
1911 | 0.008631 | . . . | . . . | 0.030799 | . . . | . . . | 0.007237 | . . . | . . . | 0.025620 | . . . | . . . |
1912 | 0.008213 | . . . | . . . | 0.030637 | . . . | . . . | 0.006798 | . . . | . . . | 0.025323 | . . . | . . . |
1913 | 0.008364 | . . . | . . . | 0.030062 | . . . | . . . | 0.006767 | . . . | . . . | 0.024701 | . . . | . . . |
1914 | 0.007934 | . . . | . . . | 0.029580 | . . . | . . . | 0.006698 | . . . | . . . | 0.024629 | . . . | . . . |
1915 | 0.007791 | . . . | . . . | 0.029302 | . . . | . . . | 0.006535 | . . . | . . . | 0.024982 | . . . | . . . |
1916 | 0.008128 | . . . | . . . | 0.030000 | . . . | . . . | 0.006737 | . . . | . . . | 0.025123 | . . . | . . . |
1917 | 0.008396 | . . . | . . . | 0.030585 | . . . | . . . | 0.006910 | . . . | . . . | 0.025364 | . . . | . . . |
1918 | 0.015653 | . . . | . . . | 0.029992 | . . . | . . . | 0.011684 | . . . | . . . | 0.025379 | . . . | . . . |
1919 | 0.008412 | . . . | . . . | 0.026158 | . . . | . . . | 0.007749 | . . . | . . . | 0.023051 | . . . | . . . |
1920 | 0.007601 | . . . | . . . | 0.026466 | . . . | . . . | 0.007712 | . . . | . . . | 0.024311 | . . . | . . . |
1921 | 0.006014 | . . . | . . . | 0.025873 | . . . | . . . | 0.005979 | . . . | . . . | 0.023234 | . . . | . . . |
1922 | 0.006453 | . . . | . . . | 0.028327 | . . . | . . . | 0.006217 | . . . | . . . | 0.024678 | . . . | . . . |
1923 | 0.006869 | . . . | . . . | 0.030233 | . . . | . . . | 0.006298 | . . . | . . . | 0.025507 | . . . | . . . |
1924 | 0.006737 | . . . | . . . | 0.029430 | . . . | . . . | 0.005974 | . . . | . . . | 0.024763 | . . . | . . . |
1925 | 0.006753 | . . . | . . . | 0.029426 | . . . | . . . | 0.006166 | . . . | . . . | 0.024733 | . . . | . . . |
1926 | 0.006903 | . . . | . . . | 0.029860 | . . . | . . . | 0.006225 | . . . | . . . | 0.025258 | . . . | . . . |
1927 | 0.006674 | . . . | . . . | 0.028367 | . . . | . . . | 0.005745 | . . . | . . . | 0.023146 | . . . | . . . |
1928 | 0.006821 | . . . | . . . | 0.029163 | . . . | . . . | 0.006071 | . . . | . . . | 0.024110 | . . . | . . . |
1929 | 0.006522 | . . . | . . . | 0.029277 | . . . | . . . | 0.005745 | . . . | . . . | 0.023903 | . . . | . . . |
1930 | 0.006081 | . . . | . . . | 0.029558 | . . . | . . . | 0.005248 | . . . | . . . | 0.023695 | . . . | . . . |
1931 | 0.006185 | . . . | . . . | 0.029241 | . . . | . . . | 0.005149 | . . . | . . . | 0.023515 | . . . | . . . |
1932 | 0.005778 | . . . | . . . | 0.029611 | . . . | . . . | 0.005045 | . . . | . . . | 0.023712 | . . . | . . . |
1933 | 0.005718 | . . . | . . . | 0.030099 | . . . | . . . | 0.004898 | . . . | . . . | 0.023282 | . . . | . . . |
1934 | 0.005836 | . . . | . . . | 0.030618 | . . . | . . . | 0.004821 | . . . | . . . | 0.023459 | . . . | . . . |
1935 | 0.005910 | . . . | . . . | 0.029426 | . . . | . . . | 0.004839 | . . . | . . . | 0.022335 | . . . | . . . |
1936 | 0.006052 | . . . | . . . | 0.030705 | . . . | . . . | 0.004935 | . . . | . . . | 0.022819 | . . . | . . . |
1937 | 0.005674 | . . . | . . . | 0.029892 | . . . | . . . | 0.004594 | . . . | . . . | 0.021829 | . . . | . . . |
1938 | 0.004918 | . . . | . . . | 0.027762 | . . . | . . . | 0.004083 | . . . | . . . | 0.020535 | . . . | . . . |
1939 | 0.004667 | . . . | . . . | 0.027879 | . . . | . . . | 0.003894 | . . . | . . . | 0.020603 | . . . | . . . |
1940 | 0.004521 | . . . | . . . | 0.028577 | . . . | . . . | 0.003627 | . . . | . . . | 0.019835 | . . . | . . . |
1941 | 0.004438 | . . . | . . . | 0.027739 | . . . | . . . | 0.003342 | . . . | . . . | 0.018961 | . . . | . . . |
1942 | 0.004399 | . . . | . . . | 0.027361 | . . . | . . . | 0.003242 | . . . | . . . | 0.018583 | . . . | . . . |
1943 | 0.004281 | . . . | . . . | 0.028143 | . . . | . . . | 0.003281 | . . . | . . . | 0.018940 | . . . | . . . |
1944 | 0.004187 | . . . | . . . | 0.027412 | . . . | . . . | 0.003125 | . . . | . . . | 0.018107 | . . . | . . . |
1945 | 0.004351 | . . . | . . . | 0.027348 | . . . | . . . | 0.003060 | . . . | . . . | 0.017483 | . . . | . . . |
1946 | 0.003722 | . . . | . . . | 0.026779 | . . . | . . . | 0.002800 | . . . | . . . | 0.017043 | . . . | . . . |
1947 | 0.003517 | . . . | . . . | 0.027626 | . . . | . . . | 0.002614 | . . . | . . . | 0.017025 | . . . | . . . |
1948 | 0.003382 | . . . | . . . | 0.027233 | . . . | . . . | 0.002451 | . . . | . . . | 0.016553 | . . . | . . . |
1949 | 0.003249 | . . . | . . . | 0.026950 | . . . | . . . | 0.002270 | . . . | . . . | 0.016095 | . . . | . . . |
1950 | 0.003041 | . . . | . . . | 0.026729 | . . . | . . . | 0.002145 | . . . | . . . | 0.016048 | . . . | . . . |
1951 | 0.002996 | . . . | . . . | 0.026286 | . . . | . . . | 0.002062 | . . . | . . . | 0.015661 | . . . | . . . |
1952 | 0.002907 | . . . | . . . | 0.026374 | . . . | . . . | 0.002018 | . . . | . . . | 0.015072 | . . . | . . . |
1953 | 0.002779 | . . . | . . . | 0.026406 | . . . | . . . | 0.001865 | . . . | . . . | 0.014551 | . . . | . . . |
1954 | 0.002622 | . . . | . . . | 0.025035 | . . . | . . . | 0.001739 | . . . | . . . | 0.013804 | . . . | . . . |
1955 | 0.002631 | . . . | . . . | 0.024962 | . . . | . . . | 0.001717 | . . . | . . . | 0.013465 | . . . | . . . |
1956 | 0.002555 | . . . | . . . | 0.025373 | . . . | . . . | 0.001660 | . . . | . . . | 0.013384 | . . . | . . . |
1957 | 0.002646 | . . . | . . . | 0.026223 | . . . | . . . | 0.001736 | . . . | . . . | 0.013714 | . . . | . . . |
1958 | 0.002605 | . . . | . . . | 0.025732 | . . . | . . . | 0.001664 | . . . | . . . | 0.013538 | . . . | . . . |
1959 | 0.002597 | . . . | . . . | 0.025472 | . . . | . . . | 0.001630 | . . . | . . . | 0.013204 | . . . | . . . |
1960 | 0.002631 | . . . | . . . | 0.026125 | . . . | . . . | 0.001641 | . . . | . . . | 0.013673 | . . . | . . . |
1961 | 0.002555 | . . . | . . . | 0.025624 | . . . | . . . | 0.001631 | . . . | . . . | 0.013310 | . . . | . . . |
1962 | 0.002648 | . . . | . . . | 0.025838 | . . . | . . . | 0.001684 | . . . | . . . | 0.013458 | . . . | . . . |
1963 | 0.002711 | . . . | . . . | 0.026480 | . . . | . . . | 0.001712 | . . . | . . . | 0.013648 | . . . | . . . |
1964 | 0.002740 | . . . | . . . | 0.026561 | . . . | . . . | 0.001706 | . . . | . . . | 0.013298 | . . . | . . . |
1965 | 0.002760 | . . . | . . . | 0.026615 | . . . | . . . | 0.001692 | . . . | . . . | 0.012971 | . . . | . . . |
1966 | 0.002781 | . . . | . . . | 0.026581 | . . . | . . . | 0.001653 | . . . | . . . | 0.012588 | . . . | . . . |
1967 | 0.002838 | . . . | . . . | 0.026051 | . . . | . . . | 0.001684 | . . . | . . . | 0.012221 | . . . | . . . |
1968 | 0.002920 | . . . | . . . | 0.026687 | . . . | . . . | 0.001706 | . . . | . . . | 0.012730 | . . . | . . . |
1969 | 0.002943 | . . . | . . . | 0.025784 | . . . | . . . | 0.001699 | . . . | . . . | 0.012210 | . . . | . . . |
1970 | 0.002876 | . . . | . . . | 0.025417 | . . . | . . . | 0.001680 | . . . | . . . | 0.012143 | . . . | . . . |
1971 | 0.002879 | . . . | . . . | 0.024727 | . . . | . . . | 0.001603 | . . . | . . . | 0.011974 | . . . | . . . |
1972 | 0.002803 | . . . | . . . | 0.024984 | . . . | . . . | 0.001564 | . . . | . . . | 0.011802 | . . . | . . . |
1973 | 0.002817 | . . . | . . . | 0.024397 | . . . | . . . | 0.001549 | . . . | . . . | 0.011751 | . . . | . . . |
1974 | 0.002633 | . . . | . . . | 0.023339 | . . . | . . . | 0.001402 | . . . | . . . | 0.011508 | . . . | . . . |
1975 | 0.002543 | . . . | . . . | 0.022681 | . . . | . . . | 0.001322 | . . . | . . . | 0.011094 | . . . | . . . |
1976 | 0.002392 | . . . | . . . | 0.022348 | . . . | . . . | 0.001257 | . . . | . . . | 0.011071 | . . . | . . . |
1977 | 0.002386 | 0.057860 | 0.011840 | 0.021669 | 0.119370 | 0.056530 | 0.001221 | 0.070740 | 0.012320 | 0.010837 | 0.091510 | 0.034450 |
1978 | 0.002351 | 0.057860 | 0.011840 | 0.021441 | 0.119370 | 0.056530 | 0.001162 | 0.070740 | 0.012320 | 0.010756 | 0.091510 | 0.034450 |
1979 | 0.002280 | 0.057860 | 0.011840 | 0.020459 | 0.119370 | 0.056530 | 0.001163 | 0.070740 | 0.012320 | 0.010350 | 0.091510 | 0.034450 |
1980 | 0.002269 | 0.057860 | 0.011840 | 0.020012 | 0.119370 | 0.056530 | 0.001120 | 0.070740 | 0.012320 | 0.010393 | 0.091510 | 0.034450 |
1981 | 0.002251 | . . . | . . . | 0.019549 | . . . | . . . | 0.001109 | . . . | . . . | 0.010297 | . . . | . . . |
1982 | 0.002133 | . . . | . . . | 0.019196 | . . . | . . . | 0.001034 | . . . | . . . | 0.010234 | . . . | . . . |
1983 | 0.002077 | . . . | . . . | 0.019177 | . . . | . . . | 0.001011 | . . . | . . . | 0.010353 | . . . | . . . |
1984 | 0.002122 | . . . | . . . | 0.019049 | . . . | . . . | 0.001024 | . . . | . . . | 0.010233 | . . . | . . . |
1985 | 0.002243 | . . . | . . . | 0.018866 | . . . | . . . | 0.001020 | . . . | . . . | 0.010260 | . . . | . . . |
1986 | 0.002383 | . . . | . . . | 0.018533 | . . . | . . . | 0.001008 | . . . | . . . | 0.010211 | . . . | . . . |
1987 | 0.002518 | . . . | . . . | 0.018344 | . . . | . . . | 0.001078 | . . . | . . . | 0.010079 | . . . | . . . |
1988 | 0.002606 | . . . | . . . | 0.018163 | . . . | . . . | 0.001087 | . . . | . . . | 0.010156 | . . . | . . . |
1989 | 0.002679 | . . . | . . . | 0.017662 | . . . | . . . | 0.001051 | . . . | . . . | 0.009876 | . . . | . . . |
1990 | 0.002691 | . . . | . . . | 0.017258 | . . . | . . . | 0.001072 | . . . | . . . | 0.009769 | . . . | . . . |
1991 | 0.002695 | 0.079178 | 0.009964 | 0.016834 | 0.096197 | 0.042878 | 0.001093 | 0.040325 | 0.007880 | 0.009606 | 0.080481 | 0.028256 |
1992 | 0.002688 | 0.079178 | 0.009964 | 0.016270 | 0.096197 | 0.042878 | 0.001091 | 0.040325 | 0.007880 | 0.009396 | 0.080481 | 0.028256 |
1993 | 0.002746 | 0.079178 | 0.009964 | 0.016303 | 0.096197 | 0.042878 | 0.001127 | 0.040325 | 0.007880 | 0.009547 | 0.080481 | 0.028256 |
1994 | 0.002758 | 0.079178 | 0.009964 | 0.016076 | 0.096197 | 0.042878 | 0.001161 | 0.040325 | 0.007880 | 0.009371 | 0.080481 | 0.028256 |
1995 | 0.002732 | 0.079178 | 0.009964 | 0.015745 | 0.096197 | 0.042878 | 0.001168 | 0.040325 | 0.007880 | 0.009393 | 0.080481 | 0.028256 |
1996 | 0.002379 | 0.054537 | 0.009366 | 0.015575 | 0.098166 | 0.041702 | 0.001110 | 0.038318 | 0.008426 | 0.009343 | 0.078091 | 0.028288 |
1997 | 0.002044 | 0.054537 | 0.009366 | 0.014857 | 0.098166 | 0.041702 | 0.001047 | 0.038318 | 0.008426 | 0.009185 | 0.078091 | 0.028288 |
1998 | 0.001944 | 0.054537 | 0.009366 | 0.014446 | 0.098166 | 0.041702 | 0.001055 | 0.038318 | 0.008426 | 0.008903 | 0.078091 | 0.028288 |
1999 | 0.001916 | 0.054537 | 0.009366 | 0.014108 | 0.098166 | 0.041702 | 0.001045 | 0.038318 | 0.008426 | 0.008832 | 0.078091 | 0.028288 |
2000 | 0.001892 | 0.054537 | 0.009366 | 0.013861 | 0.098166 | 0.041702 | 0.001028 | 0.038318 | 0.008426 | 0.008769 | 0.078091 | 0.028288 |
2001 | 0.001981 | 0.035874 | 0.009495 | 0.013538 | 0.080137 | 0.037108 | 0.001073 | 0.029468 | 0.007888 | 0.008626 | 0.063544 | 0.026112 |
2002 | 0.001912 | 0.035874 | 0.009495 | 0.013477 | 0.080137 | 0.037108 | 0.001047 | 0.029468 | 0.007888 | 0.008453 | 0.063544 | 0.026112 |
2003 | 0.001877 | 0.035874 | 0.009495 | 0.013264 | 0.080137 | 0.037108 | 0.001036 | 0.029468 | 0.007888 | 0.008455 | 0.063544 | 0.026112 |
2004 | 0.001808 | 0.035874 | 0.009495 | 0.012797 | 0.080137 | 0.037108 | 0.000982 | 0.029468 | 0.007888 | 0.008115 | 0.063544 | 0.026112 |
2005 | 0.001771 | 0.035874 | 0.009495 | 0.012806 | 0.080137 | 0.037108 | 0.000990 | 0.029468 | 0.007888 | 0.008034 | 0.063544 | 0.026112 |
2006 | 0.001786 | 0.028307 | 0.009091 | 0.012380 | 0.064286 | 0.034318 | 0.000981 | 0.024277 | 0.007563 | 0.007840 | 0.053890 | 0.023479 |
2007 | 0.001755 | 0.028307 | 0.009091 | 0.012052 | 0.064286 | 0.034318 | 0.000964 | 0.024277 | 0.007563 | 0.007499 | 0.053890 | 0.023479 |
2008 | 0.001716 | 0.028307 | 0.009091 | 0.012085 | 0.064286 | 0.034318 | 0.000928 | 0.024277 | 0.007563 | 0.007517 | 0.053890 | 0.023479 |
2009 | 0.001709 | 0.028307 | 0.009091 | 0.011835 | 0.064286 | 0.034318 | 0.000942 | 0.024277 | 0.007563 | 0.007315 | 0.053890 | 0.023479 |
2010 | 0.001660 | 0.028307 | 0.009091 | 0.011590 | 0.064286 | 0.034318 | 0.000947 | 0.024277 | 0.007563 | 0.007044 | 0.053890 | 0.023479 |
2011 | 0.001681 | 0.030470 | 0.007150 | 0.011591 | 0.061639 | 0.035000 | 0.000945 | 0.027061 | 0.007443 | 0.006998 | 0.048541 | 0.023050 |
2012 | 0.001698 | 0.030470 | 0.007150 | 0.011843 | 0.061639 | 0.035000 | 0.000943 | 0.027061 | 0.007443 | 0.007015 | 0.048541 | 0.023050 |
2013 | 0.001704 | 0.030470 | 0.007150 | 0.012039 | 0.061639 | 0.035000 | 0.000968 | 0.027061 | 0.007443 | 0.007047 | 0.048541 | 0.023050 |
2014 | 0.001782 | 0.030470 | 0.007150 | 0.012202 | 0.061639 | 0.035000 | 0.001005 | 0.027061 | 0.007443 | 0.007176 | 0.048541 | 0.023050 |
2015 | . . . | 0.030470 | 0.007150 | . . . | 0.061639 | 0.035000 | . . . | 0.027061 | 0.007443 | . . . | 0.048541 | 0.023050 |
SOURCES: Bell and Miller (2005, Table 6); Kelley and Lopez (1984, Tables 5 and 6); Zayatz (1999, 2005, 2011, 2015, Tables 7A and 7B); and Barrick-Funk (2020, Tables 7A and 7B). | ||||||||||||
. . . = not applicable. |
Background
- Since the late 1970s, the Social Security Administration's Office of the Chief Actuary has published mortality and life expectancy estimates of DI beneficiaries.
- These estimates are used in the referenced research to understand mortality among DI beneficiaries relative to the general population.
Key Terms
- DI beneficiaries refers to individuals who are not working and are receiving benefits under the Social Security Disability Insurance program because of a medical condition that is expected to last at least 1 year or result in death.
SOURCE: Meseguer, Javier. 2021. “How Does Mortality Among Disability-Program Beneficiaries Compare with That of the General Population? A Summary of Actuarial Estimates.” Social Security Bulletin 81(4) 19–59.
NOTES: All content is simplified for presentation. Please see source material for full details and caveats.
The findings and conclusions presented in this summary are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the agency.