Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program, 2023

Benefits Awarded, Withheld, and Terminated

Disabled Workers Who Work

Table 52. Distribution of workers with benefits withheld because of substantial work, by diagnostic group and age, December 2023
Diagnostic group Total Under 30 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–FRA
  Number
Total 50,564 3,609 9,609 13,356 15,616 8,374
Congenital anomalies 172 37 49 53 28 5
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 824 66 133 211 274 140
Infectious and parasitic diseases 863 19 139 237 310 158
Injuries 2,011 138 435 516 609 313
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 656 333 266 46 7 4
Developmental disorders 149 43 52 33 (X) (X)
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 42 14 16 7 5 0
Intellectual disorders 2,303 600 881 527 234 61
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 7,665 370 1,506 2,571 2,367 851
Neurocognitive disorders 1,216 109 312 372 301 122
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 2,435 258 774 769 469 165
Other mental disorders 3,247 278 889 1,128 740 212
Neoplasms 4,541 316 716 999 1,571 939
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 421 69 150 105 72 25
Circulatory system 2,327 56 235 499 889 648
Digestive system 1,188 70 224 375 356 163
Genitourinary system 2,538 173 618 776 736 235
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 11,004 121 700 2,106 4,596 3,481
Nervous system and sense organs 5,595 485 1,299 1,722 1,552 537
Respiratory system 846 19 98 168 309 252
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 185 14 52 51 57 11
Other 90 14 26 18 23 9
Unknown 246 7 39 67 (X) (X)
  Percent
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Congenital anomalies 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.7
Infectious and parasitic diseases 1.7 0.5 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.9
Injuries 4.0 3.8 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.7
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 1.3 9.2 2.8 0.3 (L) (L)
Developmental disorders 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.2 (X) (X)
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 (L) 0.0
Intellectual disorders 4.6 16.6 9.2 3.9 1.5 0.7
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 15.2 10.3 15.7 19.2 15.2 10.2
Neurocognitive disorders 2.4 3.0 3.2 2.8 1.9 1.5
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 4.8 7.1 8.1 5.8 3.0 2.0
Other mental disorders 6.4 7.7 9.3 8.4 4.7 2.5
Neoplasms 9.0 8.8 7.5 7.5 10.1 11.2
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 0.8 1.9 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.3
Circulatory system 4.6 1.6 2.4 3.7 5.7 7.7
Digestive system 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.3 1.9
Genitourinary system 5.0 4.8 6.4 5.8 4.7 2.8
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 21.8 3.4 7.3 15.8 29.4 41.6
Nervous system and sense organs 11.1 13.4 13.5 12.9 9.9 6.4
Respiratory system 1.7 0.5 1.0 1.3 2.0 3.0
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1
Other 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1
Unknown 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 (X) (X)
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Master Beneficiary Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: These data represent the total number of beneficiaries with benefits withheld in December 2023 regardless of when their benefits were initially withheld.
FRA = full retirement age; (L) = less than 0.05 percent; (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 53. Distribution of workers with benefits terminated because of successful return to work, by diagnostic group and age, 2023
Diagnostic group Total Under 30 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–FRA
  Number
Total 63,699 2,506 12,271 17,639 19,171 12,112
Congenital anomalies 224 24 82 80 29 9
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1,094 29 112 239 426 288
Infectious and parasitic diseases 1,245 21 152 316 508 248
Injuries 2,204 71 425 561 684 463
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 966 321 482 122 29 12
Developmental disorders 287 39 144 68 26 10
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 46 11 19 13 3 0
Intellectual disorders 5,534 572 2,161 1,691 860 250
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 11,338 225 2,029 3,862 3,650 1,572
Neurocognitive disorders 1,886 85 474 574 494 259
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 3,625 149 1,065 1,243 850 318
Other mental disorders 4,302 211 1,144 1,537 1,046 364
Neoplasms 2,639 110 401 573 869 686
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 458 54 190 111 76 27
Circulatory system 2,552 29 207 506 956 854
Digestive system 1,058 27 156 292 351 232
Genitourinary system 2,171 80 477 719 652 243
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 13,069 71 675 2,399 4,967 4,957
Nervous system and sense organs 7,488 333 1,647 2,386 2,196 926
Respiratory system 848 19 80 171 306 272
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 211 6 48 73 59 25
Other 124 9 36 28 34 17
Unknown 330 10 65 75 100 80
  Percent
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Congenital anomalies 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.4 2.2 2.4
Infectious and parasitic diseases 2.0 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.6 2.0
Injuries 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.2 3.6 3.8
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 1.5 12.8 3.9 0.7 0.2 0.1
Developmental disorders 0.5 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.1
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 (L) 0.0
Intellectual disorders 8.7 22.8 17.6 9.6 4.5 2.1
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 17.8 9.0 16.5 21.9 19.0 13.0
Neurocognitive disorders 3.0 3.4 3.9 3.3 2.6 2.1
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 5.7 5.9 8.7 7.0 4.4 2.6
Other mental disorders 6.8 8.4 9.3 8.7 5.5 3.0
Neoplasms 4.1 4.4 3.3 3.2 4.5 5.7
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 0.7 2.2 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2
Circulatory system 4.0 1.2 1.7 2.9 5.0 7.1
Digestive system 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9
Genitourinary system 3.4 3.2 3.9 4.1 3.4 2.0
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 20.5 2.8 5.5 13.6 25.9 40.9
Nervous system and sense organs 11.8 13.3 13.4 13.5 11.5 7.6
Respiratory system 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.2
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
Other 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1
Unknown 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Master Beneficiary Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: Because of differences in data sources and calculation methods, statistics reported in this table may differ from those reported by the Office of the Chief Actuary.
FRA = full retirement age; (L) = less than 0.05 percent.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 54. Average monthly benefit for workers with benefits withheld because of substantial work, by diagnostic group and age, December 2023 (in dollars)
Diagnostic group Total Under 30 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–FRA
Total 1,736.93 1,441.96 1,597.91 1,721.06 1,820.88 1,892.36
Congenital anomalies 1,622.39 1,386.57 1,493.18 1,865.29 1,637.80 1,972.54
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1,639.62 1,601.91 1,718.03 1,555.39 1,667.75 1,654.82
Infectious and parasitic diseases 1,755.95 1,781.22 1,540.29 1,686.59 1,879.64 1,804.02
Injuries 1,849.75 1,715.09 1,750.65 1,786.20 1,951.78 1,953.08
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 1,331.59 1,278.05 1,371.14 1,552.67 1,166.49 904.68
Developmental disorders 1,395.41 1,343.95 1,385.18 1,521.95 (X) (X)
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 1,537.10 1,283.89 1,751.01 1,394.43 1,761.34 . . .
Intellectual disorders 1,399.45 1,297.22 1,376.50 1,543.71 1,432.62 1,362.93
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 1,644.71 1,356.19 1,536.16 1,625.91 1,718.25 1,814.51
Neurocognitive disorders 1,669.27 1,368.23 1,524.98 1,715.06 1,775.97 1,904.34
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 1,516.70 1,330.84 1,461.79 1,563.09 1,601.37 1,608.00
Other mental disorders 1,612.65 1,364.45 1,531.15 1,660.31 1,678.74 1,795.59
Neoplasms 2,112.21 1,709.27 1,930.13 2,077.10 2,199.06 2,278.68
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 1,803.47 1,440.63 1,734.33 1,941.22 1,952.16 2,212.96
Circulatory system 1,833.47 1,449.24 1,625.78 1,750.00 1,860.15 1,969.66
Digestive system 1,921.00 1,681.94 1,699.94 1,842.30 2,135.89 2,039.17
Genitourinary system 1,857.83 1,620.74 1,639.82 1,839.65 2,000.00 2,220.44
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 1,717.36 1,505.71 1,660.61 1,657.78 1,710.10 1,781.77
Nervous system and sense organs 1,795.86 1,521.52 1,666.99 1,803.12 1,906.86 2,011.28
Respiratory system 1,847.48 1,648.95 1,788.95 1,788.19 1,837.17 1,937.39
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 1,674.48 1,658.91 1,601.69 1,584.57 1,805.89 1,774.34
Other 1,696.97 1,548.96 1,709.11 1,888.21 1,744.73 1,387.63
Unknown 1,789.57 1,141.81 1,754.11 1,761.16 (X) (X)
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Master Beneficiary Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: FRA = full retirement age; . . . = not applicable; (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 55. Average monthly benefit for workers with benefits terminated because of successful return to work, by diagnostic group and age, 2023 (in dollars)
Diagnostic group Total Under 30 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–FRA
Total 1,556.25 1,423.94 1,434.55 1,526.73 1,607.35 1,669.01
Congenital anomalies 1,447.06 1,526.91 1,384.10 1,455.81 1,521.00 1,491.69
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1,552.57 1,560.96 1,458.16 1,526.60 1,559.06 1,600.41
Infectious and parasitic diseases 1,500.00 1,612.92 1,443.75 1,462.19 1,525.82 1,520.18
Injuries 1,722.05 1,718.41 1,695.55 1,724.57 1,725.08 1,739.41
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 1,302.29 1,336.73 1,270.62 1,334.76 1,311.85 1,300.16
Developmental disorders 1,285.91 1,367.97 1,266.16 1,250.57 1,347.36 1,330.62
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 1,424.64 1,513.94 1,344.45 1,416.39 1,640.85 . . .
Intellectual disorders 1,284.83 1,313.45 1,266.03 1,305.93 1,279.04 1,258.98
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 1,489.12 1,426.79 1,400.20 1,465.58 1,525.44 1,586.30
Neurocognitive disorders 1,514.74 1,372.46 1,376.01 1,499.35 1,630.11 1,629.40
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 1,419.63 1,388.32 1,374.93 1,430.63 1,454.26 1,448.40
Other mental disorders 1,498.76 1,343.05 1,465.17 1,517.17 1,534.74 1,513.44
Neoplasms 1,963.31 1,647.16 1,827.07 1,944.57 2,032.65 2,021.48
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 1,546.54 1,541.06 1,511.97 1,544.63 1,595.95 1,669.58
Circulatory system 1,683.78 1,519.13 1,565.14 1,611.91 1,691.31 1,752.30
Digestive system 1,767.77 1,581.73 1,608.57 1,741.90 1,821.19 1,848.20
Genitourinary system 1,745.98 1,586.47 1,590.27 1,694.40 1,847.30 1,984.89
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 1,614.26 1,414.92 1,553.48 1,578.09 1,607.41 1,649.75
Nervous system and sense organs 1,605.44 1,527.59 1,496.72 1,576.26 1,663.72 1,763.79
Respiratory system 1,554.10 1,440.09 1,464.90 1,572.42 1,541.28 1,591.20
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 1,529.78 1,692.92 1,417.63 1,549.37 1,520.66 1,670.26
Other 1,508.23 1,562.67 1,411.92 1,419.41 1,511.25 1,823.62
Unknown 1,562.40 1,347.09 1,438.00 1,559.75 1,601.56 1,643.94
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Master Beneficiary Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: Because of differences in data sources and calculation methods, statistics reported in this table may differ from those reported by the Office of the Chief Actuary.
FRA = full retirement age; . . . = not applicable.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 56. Distribution, by state or other area, 2023
State or area All workers, December Workers with benefits withheld because of substantial work, December Workers with benefits terminated because of successful return to work, calendar year
Number Percentage of all workers Number Percentage of all workers
All areas 7,365,987 50,564 0.7 63,699 0.9
Alabama 190,348 832 0.4 1,301 0.7
Alaska 10,271 73 0.7 110 1.1
Arizona 131,180 996 0.8 1,313 1.0
Arkansas 119,196 533 0.4 717 0.6
California 514,660 4,258 0.8 4,568 0.9
Colorado 79,912 490 0.6 830 1.0
Connecticut 71,433 627 0.9 659 0.9
Delaware 23,852 161 0.7 268 1.1
District of Columbia 11,095 99 0.9 199 1.8
Florida 478,403 2,810 0.6 3,808 0.8
Georgia 243,954 1,586 0.7 2,274 0.9
Hawaii 18,309 88 0.5 118 0.6
Idaho 39,255 336 0.9 367 0.9
Illinois 231,279 1,712 0.7 2,365 1.0
Indiana 179,875 1,005 0.6 1,256 0.7
Iowa 71,839 552 0.8 579 0.8
Kansas 62,691 384 0.6 532 0.8
Kentucky 169,747 768 0.5 1,108 0.7
Louisiana 134,154 823 0.6 1,035 0.8
Maine 48,170 505 1.0 486 1.0
Maryland 106,981 792 0.7 1,261 1.2
Massachusetts 159,741 1,850 1.2 2,108 1.3
Michigan 290,191 1,841 0.6 2,518 0.9
Minnesota 110,186 1,076 1.0 1,318 1.2
Mississippi 106,401 434 0.4 618 0.6
Missouri 184,298 1,203 0.7 1,402 0.8
Montana 23,073 162 0.7 255 1.1
Nebraska 37,494 288 0.8 369 1.0
Nevada 55,891 499 0.9 534 1.0
New Hampshire 40,808 603 1.5 561 1.4
New Jersey 162,912 1,192 0.7 1,541 0.9
New Mexico 54,280 319 0.6 428 0.8
New York 421,997 3,692 0.9 3,931 0.9
North Carolina 279,258 1,443 0.5 2,276 0.8
North Dakota 13,383 111 0.8 133 1.0
Ohio 305,732 2,018 0.7 2,633 0.9
Oklahoma 114,577 517 0.5 666 0.6
Oregon 89,855 730 0.8 760 0.8
Pennsylvania 347,464 2,579 0.7 3,170 0.9
Rhode Island 31,646 272 0.9 284 0.9
South Carolina 151,280 825 0.5 1,151 0.8
South Dakota 17,108 141 0.8 196 1.1
Tennessee 208,918 963 0.5 1,370 0.7
Texas 477,204 3,745 0.8 4,540 1.0
Utah 41,709 406 1.0 446 1.1
Vermont 19,165 193 1.0 243 1.3
Virginia 181,500 1,088 0.6 1,514 0.8
Washington 138,248 1,464 1.1 1,575 1.1
West Virginia 72,580 267 0.4 351 0.5
Wisconsin 138,863 1,047 0.8 1,366 1.0
Wyoming 12,076 81 0.7 112 0.9
Outlying areas  
Puerto Rico 129,953 62 (L) 127 0.1
Other a 11,592 23 0.2 49 0.4
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Master Beneficiary Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: Because of differences in data sources and calculation methods, statistics reported in this table may differ from those reported by the Office of the Chief Actuary.
(L) = less than 0.05 percent.
a. Includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and foreign countries.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 57. Distribution, by sex and age, 2023
Age group All workers, December Workers with benefits withheld because of substantial work, December Workers with benefits terminated because of successful return to work, calendar year
Number Percentage of all workers Number Percentage of all workers
  All disabled workers
Total 7,365,987 50,564 0.7 63,699 0.9
Under 30 100,201 3,609 3.6 2,506 2.5
30–39 411,301 9,609 2.3 12,271 3.0
40–49 996,969 13,356 1.3 17,639 1.8
50–59 2,514,308 15,616 0.6 19,171 0.8
60–FRA 3,343,208 8,374 0.3 12,112 0.4
  Men
Subtotal 3,685,919 25,812 0.7 30,899 0.8
Under 30 58,811 2,233 3.8 1,566 2.7
30–39 222,070 5,370 2.4 6,695 3.0
40–49 492,835 6,450 1.3 8,195 1.7
50–59 1,227,265 7,349 0.6 8,562 0.7
60–FRA 1,684,938 4,410 0.3 5,881 0.3
  Women
Subtotal 3,680,068 24,752 0.7 32,800 0.9
Under 30 41,390 1,376 3.3 940 2.3
30–39 189,231 4,239 2.2 5,576 2.9
40–49 504,134 6,906 1.4 9,444 1.9
50–59 1,287,043 8,267 0.6 10,609 0.8
60–FRA 1,658,270 3,964 0.2 6,231 0.4
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Master Beneficiary Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: Because of differences in data sources and calculation methods, statistics reported in this table may differ from those reported by the Office of the Chief Actuary.
FRA = full retirement age.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 58. Work-incentive utilization among disabled workers, 2018–2022
Work-incentive category 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 a
Workers who participated in a trial work period (TWP) 256,542 243,476 183,996 173,443 140,196
Started a TWP 145,739 136,296 94,301 97,724 68,649
Completed a TWP 112,323 110,191 88,828 81,105 68,356
Workers with at least 1 suspension month because of earnings above the substantial gainful activity level
Extended period of eligibility 170,118 176,088 165,983 171,931 160,989
Initial reinstatement period 7,882 7,935 6,908 6,164 5,258
Favorable decision on expedited reinstatement request 11,058 9,843 9,312 9,506 10,571
Workers using miscellaneous work incentives for at least 1 month
Impairment-related work expenses 9,561 8,515 6,465 5,371 4,075
Subsidies 26,185 24,230 20,425 17,938 14,539
Special conditions 3,929 3,432 3,424 2,872 2,285
Unsuccessful work attempts 20,040 19,807 16,711 14,792 12,938
SOURCE: Disability Control File, August 2024.
a. Approximately 20 percent of work-related continuing disability reviews (CDRs) for earnings in 2022 are still in progress; all other years are subject to change because of work-related CDR processing that may address work activity in previous years.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.