Income of the Population 55 or Older, 2008

Income Sources

Income Sources of Aged Units

Income Sources of Units 65 or Older

Income Sources of Beneficiary Units 65 or Older

Family Income Sources of Aged Persons

Family Income Sources of Nonmarried Aged Persons

Family Income Sources of Persons 65 or Older

Family Income Sources of Persons 65 or Older in Beneficiary Families

Key Terms and Concepts for Section 2 1

Table characteristics

Age. Age classification is based on the age of the person at his or her last birthday as of March 2009. A married couple's age is defined as the age of the husband—unless he is under age 55 and the wife is 55 or older, in which case it is the age of the wife.

Aged unit. With age 55 as the cutoff, aged units are defined as married couples living together—at least one of whom is 55 or older—and nonmarried persons 55 or older.

Marital status. Married persons are married and living with their spouse. Nonmarried persons may be divorced, widowed, never married, separated, or married but living apart from their spouse.

Race. The categories White alone, Black alone, and Asian alone reflect respondents who reported only one race. Because of changes to the race category, data on race are not directly comparable to editions prior to 2002. A person's race is his or her reported race. A married couple's race is defined as the race of the husband.

Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. A married couple is of Hispanic origin if the husband is of Hispanic origin.

Family. A family is a group of two or more people (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family.

Social Security beneficiary. A beneficiary may be receiving retired-worker benefits, dependents' or survivor benefits, disability benefits, or transitionally insured benefits.

Poverty. The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to detect who is poor. If a family's total income is less than that family's threshold, then that family, and every individual in it, is considered poor.

Per capita income. Per capita income is total family income divided by the number of persons in the family.

The ratio of Social Security income to total income. This ratio is defined as Social Security income divided by total income. Units and persons in families with less than $1 of total income or negative earnings or asset income are excluded from these tables.

Income sources

Earnings

Wages and salaries. Wages and salaries is defined as total money earnings received for work performed as an employee during the income year. It includes wages, salary, Armed Forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-rate payments, and cash bonuses earned, before deductions are made for taxes, bonds, pensions, union dues, and so forth. Earnings for self-employed persons in incorporated businesses are considered wage and salary.

Self-employment. Income from self-employment is the combined income from farm and nonfarm self-employment.

Retirement benefits

Social Security. Includes retired-worker benefits, dependents' or survivor benefits, disability benefits, and transitionally insured benefits.

Government employee pensions. Government employee pensions include regular payments from federal government (civil service), military, and state or local governments.

Private pensions and annuities. Private pensions and annuities include regular payments from companies or unions, annuities or paid-up insurance policies, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), Keogh, or 401(k) payments. Nonregular (nonannuitized or lump-sum) withdrawals from IRA, Keogh, and 401(k) plans are not included as income.

Asset income

Interest income. Interest includes payments people receive (or have credited to their accounts) from bonds, treasury notes, IRAs, certificates of deposit, interest-bearing savings and checking accounts, and all other investments that pay interest.

Dividends. Dividends include income people receive from stock holdings and mutual fund shares. The CPS does not include capital gains from the sale of stock holdings as income.

Rents, royalties, and estates and trusts. Include net income people receive from the rental of a house, store, or other property, receipts from boarders or lodgers, net royalty income, and periodic payments from estate or trust funds.

Other income

Unemployment compensation. Includes payments the respondent received from government unemployment agencies or private companies during periods of unemployment and any strike benefits the respondent received from union funds.

Workers' compensation. Includes payments people receive periodically from public or private insurance companies for injuries received at work.

Veterans' payments. Include payments disabled members of the armed forces or survivors of deceased veterans receive periodically from the Department of Veterans Affairs for education and on-the-job training, and means-tested assistance to veterans.

Personal contributions. Include child support, alimony, and financial assistance from friends and relatives.

Public Assistance—Cash benefits

Supplemental Security Income. Supplemental Security Income includes payments made by federal, State, and local welfare agencies to low-income persons who are aged (65 or older), blind, or disabled, and who have limited income and financial resources.

Other Public Assistance. Includes cash public assistance payments low-income people receive, such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC, ADC), temporary assistance to needy families (TANF), general assistance, and emergency assistance.

Public Assistance—Noncash Benefits

Noncash benefits. Include food stamps, energy assistance, and housing assistance. Receipt of noncash benefits is only reported in the section on the sources of income received. No dollar values are assigned to the noncash benefits in this publication, and they are not included in total money income. A person or aged unit is indicated as having received a noncash benefit if any person in the household received food, energy, or housing assistance.

Food. In this publication, food noncash benefits are comprised solely of food stamps.

Energy. The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program provides financial assistance to qualified households to help them pay heating costs.

Housing. There are some programs through which housing assistance is provided to low-income families and individuals living in public or privately owned dwellings. Two of the more common types of programs in which federal, State, and local funds are used to subsidize private sector housing are rent supplement and interest reduction plans.

Notes

 1 For more information, consult the Glossary for this report.

Tables

Income Sources of Aged UnitsTable 2.A1 Percentage with income from specified source, by marital status and age, 2008
Source of income Aged 55–61 Aged 62–64 Aged 65 or older
Total 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older
All units
Earnings 80.9 67.3 26.4 47.8 30.6 18.5 8.0
Wages and salaries 76.5 62.7 23.5 43.0 27.2 16.0 7.1
Self-employment 11.6 10.5 4.8 8.5 5.5 3.8 1.2
Retirement benefits 23.9 53.9 90.0 83.7 91.7 92.4 93.3
Social Security 12.3 42.7 87.2 79.7 89.0 90.1 91.1
Benefits other than Social Security 14.7 28.9 40.7 39.2 41.6 42.1 40.6
Other public pensions 7.2 13.4 14.7 14.3 15.4 15.0 14.5
Railroad Retirement 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.0
Government employee pensions 7.0 12.8 14.2 13.9 15.0 14.5 13.6
Military 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.5 2.2 1.3
Federal 1.5 3.2 3.9 3.3 3.8 3.9 4.6
State or local 4.2 8.2 9.0 9.4 9.6 9.5 8.0
Private pensions or annuities 7.8 16.9 28.3 27.0 28.8 29.6 28.3
Income from assets 54.6 56.7 54.4 57.1 53.8 53.8 52.5
Interest 51.7 53.6 51.9 54.3 52.0 51.3 49.8
Other income from assets 23.7 25.0 22.5 25.3 22.7 22.1 19.8
Dividends 18.7 20.5 18.0 20.2 18.1 18.0 15.7
Rent or royalties 8.7 8.8 7.7 8.9 8.3 7.4 6.4
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4
Veterans' benefits 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.1 4.3 4.3
Unemployment compensation 5.7 4.3 1.2 2.1 1.4 1.1 0.3
Workers' compensation 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.2
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 11.1 11.1 12.6 11.5 13.7 12.3 13.0
Cash public assistance 5.1 4.8 3.9 3.5 5.0 3.7 3.8
Supplemental Security Income 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.3 4.7 3.5 3.6
Other 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
Noncash benefits 8.6 8.7 10.7 9.9 11.6 10.6 10.9
Food 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.7 6.2 5.0 4.4
Energy 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.5
Housing 3.1 3.4 5.2 4.4 5.5 5.3 5.9
Personal contributions 2.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9
Number (thousands) 18,289 5,817 28,921 8,333 6,215 5,700 8,673
Married couples
Earnings 91.2 80.5 41.4 60.3 42.3 29.4 15.9
Wages and salaries 87.4 75.2 37.2 54.9 38.3 25.2 13.8
Self-employment 15.4 15.0 7.9 11.5 7.3 6.8 3.1
Retirement benefits 25.2 55.6 91.1 86.0 93.5 93.9 94.9
Social Security 11.7 41.7 88.4 82.1 91.0 92.8 93.0
Benefits other than Social Security 17.1 35.1 49.2 46.5 49.4 49.7 53.4
Other public pensions 8.8 16.1 17.8 16.6 18.4 18.4 18.6
Railroad Retirement 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9
Government employee pensions 8.5 15.1 17.4 16.3 18.1 18.1 17.9
Military 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.6 3.9 3.0 2.5
Federal 1.5 3.3 4.6 3.6 4.5 5.6 5.6
State or local 5.0 9.8 11.0 10.9 11.4 11.2 10.6
Private pensions or annuities 8.8 21.3 35.2 32.8 35.2 35.0 40.2
Income from assets 65.6 67.8 65.6 66.9 65.1 64.7 64.5
Interest 62.3 64.2 63.0 64.0 63.2 62.2 61.5
Other income from assets 30.9 31.9 30.7 32.5 30.0 29.4 29.6
Dividends 25.1 26.7 25.2 26.8 23.8 24.8 24.6
Rent or royalties 11.3 11.2 10.7 11.3 11.6 10.1 8.9
Estates or trusts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4
Veterans' benefits 3.8 4.8 4.9 3.7 4.3 6.1 7.0
Unemployment compensation 6.9 5.4 2.1 2.9 2.1 1.9 0.7
Workers' compensation 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.4
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.0 6.0 4.8 5.6
Cash public assistance 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.0 3.4 1.9 2.3
Supplemental Security Income 2.6 2.4 2.3 1.8 3.3 1.8 2.3
Other 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0
Noncash benefits 3.0 3.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.3
Food 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.8 1.6
Energy 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4
Housing 0.5 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 2.1
Personal contributions 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.7
Number (thousands) 9,992 3,180 11,844 4,381 2,925 2,230 2,308
Nonmarried persons
Earnings 68.6 51.4 16.0 34.0 20.2 11.5 5.1
Wages and salaries 63.3 47.7 14.1 29.9 17.4 10.1 4.7
Self-employment 7.1 5.1 2.6 5.2 3.8 2.0 0.6
Retirement benefits 22.4 51.8 89.3 81.2 90.1 91.5 92.8
Social Security 13.0 43.8 86.3 77.1 87.2 88.3 90.4
Benefits other than Social Security 11.8 21.5 34.8 31.2 34.6 37.2 35.9
Other public pensions 5.3 10.1 12.6 11.9 12.6 12.7 13.0
Railroad Retirement 0.1 0 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0
Government employee pensions 5.2 10.1 11.9 11.2 12.3 12.2 12.0
Military 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.6 0.9
Federal 1.4 3.2 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.8 4.2
State or local 3.2 6.2 7.6 7.6 8.1 8.4 7.0
Private pensions or annuities 6.7 11.5 23.4 20.6 23.1 26.1 24.0
Income from assets 41.2 43.4 46.6 46.2 43.7 46.8 48.2
Interest 39.0 40.7 44.2 43.5 42.1 44.3 45.6
Other income from assets 15.0 16.7 16.8 17.2 16.3 17.5 16.3
Dividends 11.0 13.0 12.9 13.0 13.0 13.6 12.5
Rent or royalties 5.7 5.9 5.6 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.4
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4
Veterans' benefits 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.0 3.1 3.3
Unemployment compensation 4.3 2.9 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.1
Workers' compensation 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 18.2 18.1 17.6 18.7 20.6 17.1 15.7
Cash public assistance 7.7 7.0 5.0 5.2 6.4 4.8 4.3
Supplemental Security Income 7.1 6.5 4.8 4.9 6.1 4.6 4.1
Other 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2
Noncash benefits 15.3 15.6 15.5 17.0 18.6 14.8 13.3
Food 10.9 9.5 7.6 10.0 9.9 6.4 5.5
Energy 4.4 5.2 4.7 5.2 5.6 4.4 4.2
Housing 6.1 6.7 8.0 7.9 9.4 8.0 7.2
Personal contributions 3.1 1.9 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.0
Number (thousands) 8,297 2,637 17,077 3,952 3,290 3,471 6,364
 
Income Sources of Aged UnitsTable 2.A2 Percentage with income from specified source, by Social Security beneficiary status, marital status, and age, 2008
Source of income All units Married couples Nonmarried persons
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
Beneficiary units
Earnings 40.3 45.0 23.5 65.6 63.3 37.8 13.0 24.0 13.3
Wages and salaries 37.6 41.7 20.7 61.5 58.6 33.6 11.8 22.3 11.5
Self-employment 4.7 7.0 4.6 7.2 11.0 7.5 1.9 2.5 2.4
Retirement benefits 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Social Security 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Benefits other than Social Security 24.8 41.4 43.4 30.6 50.7 52.6 18.6 30.8 36.8
Other public pensions 9.7 15.6 14.9 12.7 19.4 18.4 6.6 11.3 12.3
Railroad Retirement 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.2 0 0 0.3
Government employee pensions 9.4 15.2 14.6 12.0 18.7 18.2 6.6 11.3 12.1
Military 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.7 3.1 0.2 0.9 1.2
Federal 1.7 3.0 3.8 1.8 3.5 4.6 1.6 2.4 3.2
State or local 6.7 10.7 9.5 8.6 13.1 11.8 4.8 8.0 7.9
Private pensions or annuities 16.1 28.0 31.0 19.7 35.3 38.3 12.2 19.6 25.7
Income from assets 35.4 52.8 56.6 47.9 64.9 67.3 22.0 38.9 48.9
Interest 33.2 50.2 54.0 44.7 62.4 64.7 20.8 36.3 46.5
Other income from assets 12.3 21.1 23.3 18.4 27.8 31.5 5.8 13.3 17.6
Dividends 8.5 17.4 18.7 13.5 23.4 25.9 3.2 10.5 13.6
Rent or royalties 4.8 7.4 7.8 6.7 9.2 10.8 2.7 5.3 5.8
Estates or trusts 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.3
Veterans' benefits 8.1 4.7 4.0 10.8 5.9 5.4 5.3 3.3 3.1
Unemployment compensation 2.7 4.6 1.1 4.5 5.6 1.9 0.6 3.4 0.6
Workers' compensation 1.9 1.5 0.5 3.3 1.7 0.8 0.3 1.3 0.2
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 23.9 15.6 11.7 12.8 7.2 4.6 35.9 25.3 16.8
Cash public assistance 8.3 4.9 2.7 5.6 2.7 1.6 11.3 7.4 3.5
Supplemental Security Income 7.1 4.5 2.4 5.0 2.3 1.4 9.5 7.0 3.2
Other 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.3 0.6 0.3
Noncash benefits 20.3 13.3 10.5 8.7 5.3 3.6 32.9 22.4 15.5
Food 13.9 7.4 4.9 6.5 3.4 1.7 22.0 12.0 7.2
Energy 7.7 5.1 3.4 3.0 2.6 1.3 12.7 8.0 4.8
Housing 9.4 5.3 5.1 1.8 0.9 1.2 17.5 10.5 7.9
Personal contributions 3.2 1.0 0.8 3.1 0.3 0.4 3.4 1.8 1.2
Number (thousands) 2,246 2,482 25,210 1,167 1,326 10,474 1,079 1,156 14,735
Nonbeneficiary units
Earnings 86.6 83.9 45.9 94.6 92.8 68.2 76.9 72.7 32.9
Wages and salaries 81.9 78.3 42.7 90.8 87.0 64.5 71.0 67.5 30.0
Self-employment 12.6 13.1 6.2 16.4 17.9 11.0 7.9 7.1 3.3
Retirement benefits 13.3 19.6 22.4 15.3 23.9 22.9 10.8 14.2 22.2
Social Security 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Benefits other than Social Security 13.3 19.6 22.4 15.3 23.9 22.9 10.8 14.2 22.2
Other public pensions 6.8 11.7 13.9 8.3 13.7 13.0 5.1 9.1 14.4
Railroad Retirement 0.2 0.7 2.9 0.2 1.2 2.1 0.1 0 3.3
Government employee pensions 6.7 11.0 11.0 8.1 12.5 10.9 5.0 9.1 11.1
Military 1.6 1.8 0.8 2.3 2.8 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.4
Federal 1.4 3.4 4.7 1.5 3.1 4.2 1.4 3.8 5.0
State or local 3.8 6.3 5.6 4.5 7.5 5.3 2.9 4.8 5.8
Private pensions or annuities 6.7 8.6 9.9 7.4 11.2 11.4 5.8 5.2 9.0
Income from assets 57.2 59.6 39.5 68.0 69.8 52.4 44.1 46.9 31.9
Interest 54.3 56.0 37.2 64.7 65.5 50.0 41.7 44.2 29.7
Other income from assets 25.3 27.9 16.6 32.6 34.8 24.9 16.3 19.3 11.8
Dividends 20.1 22.9 12.9 26.6 29.1 20.3 12.1 15.0 8.5
Rent or royalties 9.3 9.8 6.8 11.9 12.6 10.1 6.1 6.4 4.9
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
Veterans' benefits 2.5 3.0 1.3 2.9 4.0 1.1 2.2 1.8 1.4
Unemployment compensation 6.2 4.0 1.7 7.2 5.3 3.3 4.9 2.5 0.8
Workers' compensation 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.4
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 9.3 7.8 18.6 4.3 4.0 11.1 15.6 12.5 22.9
Cash public assistance 4.7 4.7 12.6 2.6 3.0 8.7 7.2 6.7 14.9
Supplemental Security Income 4.3 4.1 12.6 2.3 2.5 8.7 6.8 6.1 14.9
Other 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2
Noncash benefits 7.0 5.4 12.1 2.3 1.5 6.1 12.7 10.3 15.6
Food 5.2 4.0 7.8 1.8 1.2 4.2 9.3 7.6 10.0
Energy 1.8 1.6 3.2 0.7 0.4 1.6 3.2 3.0 4.1
Housing 2.2 1.9 6.2 0.4 0.4 2.6 4.4 3.8 8.2
Personal contributions 2.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.7 3.1 2.0 2.2
Number (thousands) 16,043 3,335 3,712 8,825 1,854 1,370 7,218 1,481 2,342
 
Income Sources of Aged UnitsTable 2.A3 Percentage with income from specified source, by marital status, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2008
Source of income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
All units
Earnings 83.1 69.0 26.8 67.2 56.7 23.1 82.6 64.0 26.0 76.7 64.6 24.1
Wages and salaries 78.4 64.3 23.8 65.5 53.6 21.6 76.1 59.1 23.1 72.5 61.4 21.8
Self-employment 12.6 11.3 5.1 5.3 6.1 2.4 12.1 6.6 4.3 8.9 6.0 3.2
Retirement benefits 23.8 54.6 91.5 27.7 53.3 85.4 11.4 35.0 68.4 17.1 40.8 76.7
Social Security 11.7 42.6 88.8 17.2 46.5 80.9 6.4 26.7 66.5 11.0 36.0 74.5
Benefits other than Social Security 15.1 30.7 42.6 14.0 19.9 31.0 7.0 17.5 22.5 7.8 14.4 19.8
Other public pensions 7.6 14.2 15.3 5.7 8.9 12.3 3.4 6.8 8.7 3.7 6.7 7.2
Railroad Retirement 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3
Government employee pensions 7.4 13.6 14.7 5.5 8.7 11.9 3.2 5.8 8.7 3.6 6.6 7.0
Military 1.7 2.0 2.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.8
Federal 1.5 3.2 4.0 1.9 3.0 3.6 0.1 2.5 3.6 0.8 1.5 2.2
State or local 4.4 8.9 9.4 2.9 5.2 7.9 2.4 3.3 5.0 2.1 4.8 4.6
Private pensions or annuities 8.0 17.9 29.8 8.4 11.0 20.1 4.0 11.2 15.3 4.1 8.3 13.2
Income from assets 58.2 60.8 58.4 32.3 29.0 26.1 54.1 49.4 39.6 28.6 31.1 24.3
Interest 55.3 57.4 55.7 30.5 27.4 25.3 50.8 46.2 37.5 26.8 28.8 22.1
Other income from assets 25.9 27.6 24.7 9.0 8.2 6.9 25.3 19.0 15.9 8.9 9.6 7.5
Dividends 20.6 23.0 19.8 6.7 5.0 4.8 18.8 12.8 12.6 5.8 6.1 4.4
Rent or royalties 9.6 9.3 8.4 3.1 4.5 2.9 8.8 8.3 5.5 4.6 5.5 4.2
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.2
Unemployment compensation 6.0 4.4 1.2 4.5 3.1 1.4 5.0 4.9 1.1 4.7 3.0 1.3
Workers' compensation 1.3 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.7 0 0.3 1.8 0.8 0.9
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 9.0 9.0 10.4 25.4 25.9 27.1 7.0 9.5 23.0 16.1 17.2 25.5
Cash public assistance 4.3 3.9 3.1 11.7 9.9 8.4 1.6 6.4 12.5 7.0 7.6 10.5
Supplemental Security Income 3.9 3.5 2.9 10.4 9.3 7.7 1.3 5.5 12.5 5.7 7.0 10.2
Other 0.5 0.5 0.2 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.9 0 1.5 1.1 0.4
Noncash benefits 6.6 6.8 9.0 21.6 22.7 23.8 6.0 4.2 15.1 13.0 12.5 20.4
Food 4.9 4.2 4.2 15.4 14.6 13.8 3.5 1.5 5.8 9.6 8.2 14.4
Energy 2.1 2.7 3.1 5.2 6.4 5.6 1.0 0 1.7 2.6 1.7 3.9
Housing 2.0 2.4 4.2 10.0 10.6 12.2 3.7 3.8 11.1 4.5 5.1 7.9
Personal contributions 2.2 1.1 0.9 2.5 1.4 0.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.4 1.1
Number (thousands) 14,984 4,876 24,746 2,224 647 2,770 703 187 968 1,740 482 2,123
Married couples
Earnings 91.7 81.0 41.2 88.2 75.2 42.6 88.0 81.5 44.8 86.9 81.3 40.1
Wages and salaries 87.8 75.4 37.0 87.6 72.2 39.5 81.1 78.1 39.1 82.6 75.8 36.1
Self-employment 16.0 15.8 8.1 8.3 11.0 5.3 14.7 6.4 8.7 12.9 10.2 6.1
Retirement benefits 25.4 55.9 92.0 28.3 62.3 88.9 12.1 30.8 74.7 17.6 46.7 82.4
Social Security 11.6 41.7 89.4 14.9 49.2 84.8 6.2 23.1 72.5 10.6 41.5 79.5
Benefits other than Social Security 17.4 36.2 50.4 18.0 28.2 42.7 8.2 18.9 31.6 8.4 18.7 30.5
Other public pensions 9.1 16.6 18.2 7.1 12.5 16.2 4.0 8.4 10.1 3.7 8.6 12.3
Railroad Retirement 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Government employee pensions 8.9 15.6 17.8 6.8 11.8 15.7 3.7 6.6 10.0 3.6 8.4 12.0
Military 2.4 3.1 3.0 1.2 0.9 2.6 1.2 0 0.6 1.1 0 1.5
Federal 1.5 3.1 4.5 1.9 3.5 5.0 0.1 3.0 4.4 0.9 1.8 4.4
State or local 5.1 10.2 11.3 4.0 8.2 10.0 2.5 3.6 6.4 1.7 6.6 7.7
Private pensions or annuities 8.8 22.1 36.1 11.1 15.8 30.0 4.7 11.5 23.2 4.8 11.2 19.8
Income from assets 68.0 71.0 68.4 46.3 30.8 38.0 57.8 58.1 49.4 34.1 41.8 34.0
Interest 64.7 67.4 65.6 43.0 28.4 36.5 53.7 54.2 47.3 31.4 38.0 32.4
Other income from assets 32.5 33.7 32.4 14.1 14.9 14.8 29.7 21.3 22.3 13.2 17.2 9.5
Dividends 26.6 28.6 26.7 10.3 9.0 10.4 22.2 16.9 19.0 8.9 10.9 6.4
Rent or royalties 11.9 11.4 11.1 5.0 8.9 7.2 10.1 8.2 7.6 7.2 9.4 4.7
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 3.7 4.6 4.9 6.4 6.2 6.1 0.6 1.4 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.4
Unemployment compensation 7.0 5.3 2.0 6.2 6.9 3.1 6.4 6.2 2.2 6.2 2.7 2.9
Workers' compensation 1.7 1.3 0.8 2.4 1.5 0.7 1.0 0 0.6 2.9 1.0 1.1
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 4.7 4.6 4.5 10.6 11.8 9.6 5.3 8.0 17.2 10.5 11.4 16.5
Cash public assistance 2.7 2.6 2.0 6.8 4.1 2.9 0.8 6.4 9.9 5.3 7.2 7.1
Supplemental Security Income 2.4 2.2 1.9 5.4 3.3 2.7 0.5 6.4 9.9 4.4 5.8 7.0
Other 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.4 0 0 0.9 1.6 0.3
Noncash benefits 2.6 2.5 3.2 6.3 8.6 7.5 4.9 3.1 11.2 7.1 5.4 12.6
Food 2.0 1.7 1.8 5.3 6.1 3.4 3.3 1.6 3.8 5.8 3.8 9.0
Energy 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 2.9 2.1 0.7 0 1.3 1.9 0.3 2.8
Housing 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.3 2.7 2.7 3.5 3.1 7.0 0.9 1.6 2.3
Personal contributions 1.3 0.4 0.4 3.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.8 0.8 0.1
Number (thousands) 8,633 2,807 10,549 759 210 702 456 104 440 860 225 778
Nonmarried persons
Earnings 71.5 52.8 16.1 56.3 47.8 16.5 72.7 42.2 10.3 66.7 49.9 14.8
Wages and salaries 65.6 49.2 14.0 54.0 44.7 15.5 66.8 35.4 9.7 62.6 48.6 13.6
Self-employment 7.9 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8 1.4 7.4 6.8 0.7 4.9 2.4 1.5
Retirement benefits 21.6 52.7 91.2 27.4 48.9 84.3 10.0 40.3 63.2 16.7 35.6 73.4
Social Security 11.8 43.8 88.4 18.4 45.3 79.5 6.7 31.2 61.4 11.3 31.2 71.6
Benefits other than Social Security 12.1 23.2 36.9 12.0 15.9 27.1 4.8 15.7 14.8 7.1 10.7 13.7
Other public pensions 5.5 10.9 13.1 5.0 7.2 10.9 2.3 4.8 7.6 3.7 5.1 4.3
Railroad Retirement 0.1 0 0.8 0.1 0 0.3 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.3
Government employee pensions 5.4 10.9 12.3 4.8 7.2 10.6 2.3 4.8 7.6 3.6 5.1 4.0
Military 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.4
Federal 1.4 3.4 3.5 1.9 2.8 3.1 0 1.9 3.0 0.6 1.2 0.9
State or local 3.4 7.0 7.9 2.4 3.7 7.2 2.1 3.0 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.8
Private pensions or annuities 6.8 12.3 25.1 7.0 8.7 16.8 2.5 10.9 8.8 3.4 5.7 9.4
Income from assets 44.9 46.9 51.0 25.0 28.1 22.0 47.3 38.6 31.4 23.2 21.7 18.7
Interest 42.4 43.9 48.3 24.0 26.9 21.5 45.5 36.2 29.4 22.3 20.7 16.1
Other income from assets 16.9 19.1 18.9 6.3 5.0 4.2 17.3 16.1 10.6 4.8 2.9 6.4
Dividends 12.4 15.4 14.7 4.8 3.0 2.9 12.7 7.7 7.2 2.8 2.0 3.2
Rent or royalties 6.5 6.6 6.3 2.1 2.4 1.5 6.6 8.5 3.8 2.1 2.1 3.9
Estates or trusts 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.7 0.7 0 0.8 1.8 1.1 1.4
Unemployment compensation 4.6 3.3 0.6 3.6 1.3 0.9 2.5 3.3 0.1 3.3 3.2 0.4
Workers' compensation 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0 0 0.8 0.6 0.7
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 14.9 15.0 14.8 33.0 32.6 33.1 10.1 11.5 27.8 21.6 22.3 30.7
Cash public assistance 6.5 5.8 3.9 14.2 12.7 10.2 2.9 6.4 14.6 8.7 7.9 12.5
Supplemental Security Income 6.0 5.3 3.7 13.0 12.1 9.4 2.9 4.3 14.6 7.0 7.9 12.1
Other 0.8 0.6 0.2 1.6 1.3 0.8 0 2.1 0 2.1 0.5 0.5
Noncash benefits 12.2 12.7 13.2 29.4 29.4 29.3 8.2 5.5 18.4 18.8 18.7 25.0
Food 8.8 7.5 6.0 20.5 18.6 17.3 3.8 1.3 7.4 13.3 12.1 17.5
Energy 3.8 4.7 4.5 7.1 8.1 6.8 1.5 0 2.0 3.2 3.0 4.6
Housing 4.3 5.1 6.6 14.5 14.4 15.4 4.1 4.7 14.5 8.0 8.2 11.1
Personal contributions 3.3 1.9 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.0 4.6 2.3 2.4 3.4 3.8 1.6
Number (thousands) 6,351 2,069 14,197 1,465 437 2,068 248 83 528 880 257 1,345
 
Income Sources of Aged Units Table 2.A4 Percentage with income from specified source, by Social Security beneficiary status, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2008
Source of income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
Beneficiary units
Earnings 43.7 46.6 24.0 26.4 35.8 18.7 a a 24.0 27.3 44.9 19.9
Wages and salaries 40.7 43.0 21.1 25.2 34.9 16.9 a a 21.2 25.7 43.1 17.9
Self-employment 5.2 7.8 4.8 2.0 2.9 2.4 a a 3.7 3.0 3.7 2.6
Retirement benefits 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 a a 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Social Security 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 a a 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Benefits other than Social Security 25.8 43.8 45.0 20.5 28.2 32.7 a a 30.8 14.9 26.7 23.6
Other public pensions 9.7 16.5 15.3 9.6 11.0 12.0 a a 11.7 6.3 12.1 8.6
Railroad Retirement 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0 0.1 a a 0 0 0 0.2
Government employee pensions 9.3 16.1 15.0 9.1 11.0 11.8 a a 11.7 6.3 12.1 8.4
Military 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 a a 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0
Federal 1.8 2.8 3.9 1.8 3.7 3.0 a a 4.9 1.7 1.8 2.6
State or local 6.8 11.6 9.8 6.1 6.8 8.4 a a 6.6 3.9 9.4 5.6
Private pensions or annuities 17.2 29.8 32.2 11.4 17.2 22.3 a a 21.6 8.5 15.8 15.9
Income from assets 38.2 56.7 60.1 20.7 26.6 26.6 a a 48.4 26.1 34.1 26.6
Interest 36.3 54.0 57.4 17.8 24.3 25.9 a a 46.2 24.6 31.1 24.2
Other income from assets 13.6 23.4 25.3 5.9 6.3 6.8 a a 19.7 10.2 10.6 8.3
Dividends 9.6 19.6 20.4 3.1 3.8 4.5 a a 15.8 6.0 7.4 5.2
Rent or royalties 5.1 7.9 8.4 2.8 3.6 3.2 a a 6.4 5.8 7.6 4.1
Estates or trusts 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0.2 a a 0.1 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 8.7 4.9 4.1 5.9 3.7 4.0 a a 1.6 7.3 3.9 2.5
Unemployment compensation 2.9 4.8 1.1 1.1 4.1 1.5 a a 0.7 1.2 3.4 1.1
Workers' compensation 2.0 1.5 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.3 a a 0.4 1.4 0.9 0.9
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 20.4 13.7 9.8 38.3 28.4 27.5 a a 16.5 29.9 18.0 24.3
Cash public assistance 7.1 4.6 2.2 13.5 6.7 6.8 a a 4.1 10.2 5.6 7.6
Supplemental Security Income 6.0 4.2 2.0 11.3 5.7 6.1 a a 4.1 7.7 4.8 7.2
Other 1.3 0.5 0.2 2.6 1.6 0.7 a a 0 3.1 1.1 0.5
Noncash benefits 17.0 11.4 8.8 34.6 25.8 24.9 a a 15.3 25.2 15.4 20.8
Food 11.6 6.2 3.9 23.9 14.4 14.2 a a 5.3 15.7 8.1 14.2
Energy 6.8 4.7 3.2 11.5 8.7 5.4 a a 2.4 7.0 3.4 4.1
Housing 7.5 4.3 4.1 17.6 12.5 12.8 a a 11.7 12.7 6.3 8.2
Personal contributions 3.2 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.0 a a 1.8 3.5 2.1 0.8
Number (thousands) 1,748 2,076 21,977 383 301 2,240 45 50 644 191 174 1,582
Nonbeneficiary units
Earnings 88.3 85.6 49.0 75.7 74.8 41.7 85.6 74.8 29.9 82.8 75.6 36.3
Wages and salaries 83.3 80.1 45.3 73.8 69.9 41.2 79.1 69.1 26.7 78.3 71.6 33.4
Self-employment 13.5 13.9 7.1 5.9 8.9 2.1 12.4 7.9 5.6 9.6 7.4 4.9
Retirement benefits 13.7 20.9 24.2 12.7 12.6 23.9 5.3 11.4 5.9 6.9 7.5 8.6
Social Security 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Benefits other than Social Security 13.7 20.9 24.2 12.7 12.6 23.9 5.3 11.4 5.9 6.9 7.5 8.6
Other public pensions 7.3 12.5 15.4 4.9 7.0 13.5 2.5 5.3 2.9 3.4 3.7 3.2
Railroad Retirement 0.2 0.7 3.5 0.1 0.4 1.5 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5
Government employee pensions 7.1 11.8 11.9 4.8 6.7 12.0 2.3 3.9 2.8 3.3 3.6 2.7
Military 1.7 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0 0.2 0.7 0 0.3
Federal 1.5 3.5 4.9 1.9 2.4 5.9 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.4 0.8
State or local 4.1 6.9 6.2 2.2 3.8 5.7 1.4 2.9 1.6 1.9 2.2 1.6
Private pensions or annuities 6.7 9.1 10.4 7.8 5.6 11.0 2.9 6.1 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.4
Income from assets 60.8 63.8 45.0 34.7 31.0 24.0 54.4 48.9 22.0 28.9 29.4 17.6
Interest 57.8 60.0 42.5 33.1 30.1 22.5 51.2 44.5 20.4 27.1 27.5 15.9
Other income from assets 27.5 30.6 19.8 9.6 9.9 7.2 25.6 19.4 8.4 8.8 9.0 5.2
Dividends 22.1 25.5 15.3 7.4 5.9 5.9 19.2 13.1 6.2 5.8 5.4 1.9
Rent or royalties 10.2 10.4 8.4 3.1 5.3 1.7 8.9 8.0 3.8 4.5 4.4 4.3
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 2.5 2.8 1.3 3.5 4.5 1.6 0.4 1.1 0.1 1.2 0.9 1.1
Unemployment compensation 6.4 4.1 1.8 5.2 2.2 1.0 4.8 6.7 1.8 5.2 2.7 1.9
Workers' compensation 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.8 0 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.8
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 7.5 5.5 15.0 22.7 23.8 25.5 6.0 9.0 35.8 14.4 16.8 29.0
Cash public assistance 3.9 3.5 10.2 11.3 12.7 14.8 1.5 6.5 29.0 6.6 8.7 18.9
Supplemental Security Income 3.6 3.0 10.2 10.2 12.4 14.6 1.2 5.2 29.0 5.5 8.1 18.9
Other 0.4 0.6 0.1 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 1.3 0 1.3 1.0 0.1
Noncash benefits 5.3 3.5 10.4 18.8 20.0 18.8 5.0 2.8 14.7 11.5 10.8 19.5
Food 4.0 2.7 7.0 13.6 14.7 11.8 2.8 0.3 6.8 8.8 8.3 15.0
Energy 1.5 1.1 3.0 3.9 4.5 6.2 0.8 0 0.3 2.0 0.8 3.4
Housing 1.3 0.9 5.1 8.4 8.9 9.6 3.0 2.5 9.9 3.5 4.5 6.9
Personal contributions 2.0 1.2 1.9 2.7 1.6 0.6 1.9 1.1 2.2 2.5 2.6 1.9
Number (thousands) 13,236 2,800 2,769 1,841 346 530 659 137 325 1,548 309 541
a. Fewer than 75,000 weighted cases.
Income Sources of Aged Units Table 2.A5 Percentage distribution of units with number and type of retirement benefits, by marital status, age, and receipt of earnings and income from assets, 2008
Retirement benefits Aged 55–61 Aged 62–64 Aged 65 or older
Total Earnings Income from assets Total Earnings Income from assets Total Earnings Income from assets
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
All units
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No benefit 76.1 83.3 45.5 77.0 75.0 46.1 58.6 20.3 46.5 45.6 10.0 19.1 6.7 5.9 14.8
One benefit type 20.6 14.9 44.9 19.4 22.1 35.9 28.8 50.4 31.3 41.9 52.0 48.3 53.4 44.6 60.9
Social Security only 9.2 4.5 29.2 4.8 14.6 25.0 16.3 42.8 18.0 34.2 49.3 45.2 50.8 41.4 58.8
Private pension or annuity only 5.6 4.9 8.8 6.9 4.1 4.6 5.3 3.0 5.1 3.9 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.0
Government employee pension only 5.6 5.4 6.7 7.6 3.3 6.1 6.9 4.3 8.0 3.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 0.8
Railroad Retirement only 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3
Two benefit types 3.1 1.8 8.9 3.4 2.9 17.1 11.9 27.7 21.0 12.0 35.8 30.7 37.7 46.3 23.4
Social Security and federal pension only 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.7 1.8 1.0 1.1 2.4 2.0 2.6 3.0 1.7
Social Security and Railroad Retirement, state, local, or military pension only 0.9 0.5 2.3 1.0 0.7 4.6 3.5 6.8 6.4 2.2 8.0 7.5 8.1 10.7 4.7
Social Security and private pension only 1.9 1.0 5.6 1.9 1.8 11.0 7.3 18.6 12.9 8.6 24.9 20.6 26.4 31.7 16.8
Other combination 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.3
Three or more benefit types 0.1 0 0.6 0.2 0 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.3 0.5 2.2 2.0 2.2 3.2 0.8
Number (thousands) 18,289 14,802 3,487 9,978 8,311 5,817 3,914 1,903 3,299 2,518 28,921 7,635 21,287 15,722 13,200
Married couples
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No benefit 74.8 79.2 29.9 75.5 73.6 44.4 51.9 13.4 44.6 43.9 8.9 15.4 4.4 6.3 13.9
One benefit type 21.3 18.3 51.8 20.4 22.8 33.9 32.4 40.0 31.5 38.9 44.4 47.3 42.3 39.4 53.9
Social Security only 8.1 6.1 28.6 4.9 14.2 20.6 17.6 32.7 16.8 28.4 41.9 43.7 40.6 36.6 52.0
Private pension or annuity only 6.2 5.5 13.0 6.9 4.9 5.9 6.6 3.3 5.9 6.0 1.1 1.7 0.7 1.2 0.9
Government employee pension only 6.8 6.5 10.2 8.5 3.6 6.9 7.9 3.1 8.5 3.7 1.1 1.8 0.6 1.3 0.8
Railroad Retirement only 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1
Two benefit types 3.7 2.5 16.1 3.7 3.6 20.0 14.7 41.9 21.9 16.0 43.0 34.6 48.9 49.7 30.3
Social Security and federal pension only 0.1 0 1.1 0.1 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 2.6 2.1 2.9 3.1 1.5
Social Security and Railroad Retirement, state, local, or military pension only 1.1 0.8 4.2 1.1 1.1 5.2 4.1 9.5 6.5 2.5 9.2 8.6 9.6 10.9 5.9
Social Security and private pension only 2.1 1.4 9.1 2.1 2.1 13.0 9.0 29.5 13.7 11.8 30.3 23.3 35.2 34.5 22.2
Other combination 0.4 0.2 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.7
Three or more benefit types 0.2 0 2.2 0.3 0 1.7 1.0 4.7 2.0 1.2 3.7 2.6 4.4 4.6 1.9
Number (thousands) 9,992 9,110 882 6,559 3,433 3,180 2,559 621 2,155 1,025 11,844 4,899 6,945 7,766 4,078
Nonmarried persons
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No benefit 77.6 89.8 50.8 79.9 76.0 48.2 71.4 23.7 50.0 46.7 10.7 25.6 7.8 5.5 15.2
One benefit type 19.9 9.5 42.6 17.4 21.6 38.3 22.0 55.4 30.7 44.0 57.4 50.0 58.8 49.7 64.0
Social Security only 10.6 2.0 29.4 4.5 14.9 30.3 13.9 47.7 20.1 38.1 54.5 47.7 55.8 46.0 61.9
Private pension or annuity only 5.0 3.9 7.3 7.0 3.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.4 2.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0
Government employee pension only 4.2 3.6 5.5 5.9 3.1 5.1 5.2 4.9 7.2 3.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 2.0 0.8
Railroad Retirement only 0.1 0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.3
Two benefit types 2.5 0.6 6.5 2.7 2.3 13.5 6.6 20.8 19.2 9.2 30.9 23.6 32.3 42.9 20.4
Social Security and federal pension only 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 1.9 1.3 0.8 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.9 1.7
Social Security and Railroad Retirement, state, local, or military pension only 0.6 0.1 1.7 0.8 0.5 3.9 2.4 5.4 6.4 2.0 7.1 5.7 7.4 10.5 4.1
Social Security and private pension only 1.6 0.3 4.4 1.4 1.7 8.6 4.0 13.3 11.4 6.4 21.1 16.0 22.1 28.9 14.3
Other combination 0.1 0.2 0 0.3 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2
Three or more benefit types 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.9 0.4
Number (thousands) 8,297 5,692 2,605 3,419 4,878 2,637 1,354 1,283 1,144 1,493 17,077 2,735 14,342 7,956 9,121
 
Income Sources of Units 65 or Older Table 2.A6 Percentage with income from specified source, by marital status and quintile of total money income, 2008
Source of income All units Married couples Nonmarried persons
First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Earnings 3.6 9.1 19.4 37.1 62.7 13.2 21.9 41.6 57.8 72.3 3.2 3.9 10.7 20.7 41.5
Wages and salaries 3.1 8.0 16.8 33.5 56.4 10.8 19.7 38.1 52.7 64.6 2.5 3.4 9.7 18.0 36.8
Self-employment 0.7 1.2 3.3 5.5 13.2 2.6 3.3 5.6 11.5 16.6 0.9 0.5 1.2 3.3 6.9
Retirement benefits 75.4 96.6 95.4 93.9 88.9 83.7 96.7 95.4 91.8 87.9 69.4 96.1 96.8 95.0 89.4
Social Security 73.2 94.8 92.9 90.7 84.3 81.7 95.3 93.1 89.0 83.0 66.7 94.8 94.5 91.7 83.7
Benefits other than Social Security 6.8 25.6 47.8 63.3 60.0 15.2 43.6 65.1 65.0 57.0 5.6 13.3 34.1 59.8 61.3
Other public pensions 2.3 6.5 13.5 24.0 27.4 3.3 10.5 21.2 26.0 27.9 1.9 3.6 8.7 19.0 29.8
Railroad Retirement 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.4 0.5
Government employee pensions 1.9 5.9 12.5 23.5 27.0 3.1 9.9 20.7 25.6 27.6 1.7 3.1 7.9 17.6 29.3
Military 0.1 0.3 1.1 3.2 4.6 0.3 0.8 3.8 4.2 5.6 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.4 3.4
Federal 0.5 2.0 3.2 6.8 7.1 0.7 2.4 5.3 7.5 6.9 0.4 1.0 2.7 4.9 8.4
State or local 1.3 3.5 8.3 14.6 17.5 2.1 6.9 12.5 16.5 17.4 1.2 2.1 4.6 11.4 18.9
Private pensions or annuities 4.6 19.4 36.0 42.7 38.6 12.0 34.6 48.6 45.5 35.4 3.8 9.8 25.7 42.9 35.0
Income from assets 20.9 41.2 57.0 69.7 83.0 35.1 58.1 69.8 75.8 89.0 17.1 29.9 48.4 62.2 75.2
Interest 19.2 38.7 54.4 67.1 80.0 32.8 55.8 67.5 73.3 85.5 15.5 28.4 45.3 59.6 72.2
Other income from assets 5.0 11.2 18.5 27.8 49.9 9.8 18.7 27.2 38.5 59.3 4.1 7.5 13.4 20.9 38.0
Dividends 3.3 7.8 14.6 22.3 42.0 7.7 15.0 20.9 32.2 50.3 2.6 4.8 9.6 16.4 31.3
Rent or royalties 2.0 3.8 5.4 8.8 18.4 2.9 5.0 9.6 12.9 23.1 1.8 3.1 4.1 6.5 12.6
Estates or trusts 0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.8
Veterans' benefits 1.1 2.3 4.1 6.0 5.0 2.6 4.2 6.3 7.1 4.3 0.9 1.6 2.0 4.9 4.6
Unemployment compensation 0.2 0.4 1.1 2.1 2.2 0.6 1.7 2.7 3.0 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.2
Workers' compensation 0 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.5 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.6
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 32.4 18.8 7.4 3.1 1.2 16.4 5.1 2.6 1.6 0.9 35.3 27.9 15.1 7.2 2.5
Cash public assistance 12.6 4.0 1.7 0.7 0.8 7.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.7 15.4 6.3 2.2 1.0 0.4
Supplemental Security Income 12.4 3.7 1.4 0.5 0.8 7.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.6 15.2 6.0 1.9 0.6 0.2
Other 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2
Noncash benefits 27.4 17.0 6.4 2.5 0.4 12.9 4.0 1.7 0.4 0.2 28.8 25.5 14.1 6.9 2.2
Food 16.9 6.5 1.8 1.1 0.1 7.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 19.8 10.7 4.3 1.9 1.0
Energy 8.0 5.6 2.4 0.6 0 4.4 1.8 0.4 0 0 7.6 8.5 4.8 2.3 0.5
Housing 13.2 8.5 3.0 1.2 0.3 4.3 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.1 13.6 13.8 7.4 3.6 1.3
Personal contributions 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.9
Number (thousands) 5,784 5,783 5,785 5,783 5,786 2,368 2,369 2,369 2,369 2,370 3,413 3,418 3,415 3,416 3,416
NOTE: Quintile limits are $12,082, $19,877, $31,303, and $55,889 for all units; $23,637, $35,794, $53,180, and $86,988 for married couples; and $9,929, $14,265, $20,187, and $32,937 for nonmarried persons.
Income Sources of Beneficiary Units 65 or Older Table 2.A7 Percentage of Social Security beneficiary aged units with income from specified source, by proportion of income from Social Security and marital status, 2008
Source of income Proportion of income from Social Security
Less than 50 percent 50–89 percent 90–99 percent 100 percent
All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons
Earnings 48.5 60.7 33.3 18.0 25.6 12.4 2.9 3.9 2.4 0 0 0
Wages and salaries 43.2 54.4 29.3 16.0 22.8 10.9 2.4 3.6 1.8 0 0 0
Self-employment 9.7 12.7 5.9 2.4 3.5 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0
Retirement benefits 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Social Security 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Benefits other than Social Security 65.3 65.2 65.5 59.6 62.9 57.2 17.3 19.6 16.1 0 0 0
Other public pensions 30.8 29.7 32.2 11.8 12.5 11.4 1.4 2.0 1.1 0 0 0
Railroad Retirement 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0
Government employee pensions 30.5 29.5 31.7 11.5 12.2 11.0 1.2 1.7 1.0 0 0 0
Military 4.5 5.4 3.5 1.2 1.7 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
Federal 9.0 8.6 9.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.7 0 0 0
State or local 18.9 18.2 19.7 8.8 9.3 8.5 0.7 1.5 0.3 0 0 0
Private pensions or annuities 39.7 42.1 36.7 49.7 53.6 46.8 15.9 17.7 14.9 0 0 0
Income from assets 76.1 79.2 72.3 63.3 67.8 60.1 83.3 84.3 82.8 0 0 0
Interest 73.5 76.5 69.7 60.1 65.2 56.3 79.3 79.8 79.1 0 0 0
Other income from assets 38.6 43.2 32.8 23.8 26.6 21.8 16.6 21.4 14.2 0 0 0
Dividends 31.6 35.9 26.1 19.2 22.2 17.0 13.0 18.3 10.4 0 0 0
Rent or royalties 14.0 15.9 11.6 6.5 7.1 6.1 4.1 4.5 4.0 0 0 0
Estates or trusts 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 6.7 6.8 6.5 4.8 6.0 3.9 1.9 3.5 1.1 0 0 0
Unemployment compensation 2.1 2.7 1.4 1.2 2.0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Workers' compensation 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 3.8 2.2 5.8 12.5 5.5 17.7 16.7 7.6 21.2 20.9 9.7 24.0
Cash public assistance 1.5 1.1 2.0 5.9 2.7 8.1 3.3 2.1 3.9 0 0 0
Supplemental Security Income 1.4 1.0 1.9 5.4 2.5 7.6 2.8 1.9 3.3 0 0 0
Other 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6 0 0 0
Noncash benefits 2.8 1.2 4.9 10.1 4.0 14.5 15.6 6.4 20.2 20.9 9.7 24.0
Food 1.4 0.6 2.3 4.5 2.1 6.2 5.7 2.3 7.4 11.0 4.9 12.7
Energy 0.7 0.2 1.5 3.8 1.7 5.3 6.2 2.4 8.2 5.5 3.6 6.0
Housing 1.5 0.4 2.8 4.7 1.2 7.2 7.3 3.1 9.4 10.6 2.7 12.7
Personal contributions 1.0 0.4 1.8 1.4 0.5 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.6 0 0 0
Number (thousands) 9,052 5,027 4,025 7,425 3,141 4,284 3,023 1,017 2,006 5,553 1,200 4,353
NOTE: Units with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
Family Income Sources of Aged Persons Table 2.B1 Percentage with family income from specified source, by sex, marital status, and age, 2008
Source of family income Aged 55–61 Aged 62–64 Aged 65 or older
Total 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older
All persons
Earnings 85.7 72.3 38.2 55.2 40.5 30.0 22.0
Wages and salaries 82.1 68.2 35.1 50.9 36.9 27.2 20.6
Self-employment 12.6 11.3 5.9 9.2 6.4 4.7 2.5
Retirement benefits 33.0 62.0 91.3 86.6 92.9 93.4 94.1
Social Security 20.5 51.6 88.7 83.0 90.4 91.4 91.9
Benefits other than Social Security 19.8 33.8 44.0 43.0 44.9 45.1 43.8
Other public pensions 9.2 14.9 16.1 15.7 16.8 16.2 16.0
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.0
Government employee pensions 8.9 14.3 15.6 15.3 16.4 15.7 15.1
Military 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.5 1.7
Federal 2.0 3.3 4.3 3.8 4.2 4.3 5.0
State or local 5.3 9.4 9.9 10.3 10.4 10.1 8.9
Private pensions or annuities 11.4 20.6 30.9 30.0 31.2 32.1 30.7
Income from assets 59.6 60.8 59.2 61.0 58.3 59.7 57.4
Interest 57.7 58.3 57.2 59.0 57.1 57.4 55.0
Other income from assets 25.7 27.8 24.8 26.8 24.5 25.4 22.4
Dividends 21.8 23.4 20.6 22.2 20.4 21.2 18.5
Rent or royalties 8.5 9.2 7.9 8.9 7.8 7.8 6.8
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4
Veterans' benefits 3.8 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.7 4.8 5.1
Unemployment compensation 6.7 4.9 2.5 3.4 2.8 2.2 1.4
Workers' compensation 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.3
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 10.3 10.4 11.7 10.2 12.4 11.8 12.7
Cash public assistance 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.1 5.9 4.8 4.6
Supplemental Security Income 5.2 4.8 4.5 3.8 5.6 4.5 4.4
Other 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3
Noncash benefits 7.0 7.1 9.1 8.0 9.4 9.2 9.9
Food 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 5.1 4.4 4.0
Energy 2.1 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.2
Housing 2.4 2.5 4.3 3.4 4.3 4.5 5.3
Personal contributions 2.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.4
Number (thousands) 25,796 8,493 37,788 11,825 8,579 7,329 10,054
All men
Earnings 86.6 76.1 42.6 59.6 45.1 32.1 23.5
Wages and salaries 82.9 71.6 38.9 54.5 41.1 28.3 21.9
Self-employment 13.3 13.1 7.4 11.0 7.4 6.2 3.0
Retirement benefits 28.4 56.3 91.1 85.6 93.8 93.5 94.4
Social Security 16.0 43.2 88.2 81.9 91.2 91.6 92.0
Benefits other than Social Security 17.5 33.1 46.9 43.3 47.2 47.1 51.9
Other public pensions 8.6 15.1 16.6 15.4 17.0 16.7 17.7
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0
Government employee pensions 8.3 14.3 16.1 15.0 16.6 16.3 16.8
Military 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.3 3.4 2.6 2.2
Federal 1.7 3.7 4.4 3.5 4.2 5.1 5.2
State or local 4.9 8.8 10.1 10.0 10.3 10.0 10.0
Private pensions or annuities 9.5 19.8 33.6 30.5 33.6 33.5 38.3
Income from assets 58.7 62.1 61.7 63.2 60.6 61.3 61.1
Interest 56.9 59.6 59.6 60.8 59.4 59.1 58.6
Other income from assets 26.0 28.4 27.7 29.3 27.2 26.9 26.4
Dividends 22.0 24.6 23.3 24.3 23.0 23.2 22.1
Rent or royalties 8.6 9.0 8.8 9.8 8.8 8.7 7.4
Estates or trusts 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6
Veterans' benefits 4.5 5.2 5.3 4.0 4.4 6.5 7.4
Unemployment compensation 7.2 5.9 2.8 3.4 2.9 3.0 1.5
Workers' compensation 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 9.5 8.9 8.8 8.1 9.4 9.3 8.9
Cash public assistance 5.3 4.9 3.6 2.7 5.0 4.1 3.3
Supplemental Security Income 4.7 4.4 3.4 2.4 4.7 3.7 3.2
Other 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1
Noncash benefits 6.1 5.5 6.6 6.3 6.4 7.0 6.9
Food 4.3 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 2.7
Energy 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.2
Housing 1.9 1.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.7
Personal contributions 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0
Number (thousands) 12,489 4,017 16,308 5,632 3,769 3,167 3,740
Married men
Earnings 92.2 83.3 46.7 64.9 48.2 34.6 22.0
Wages and salaries 89.4 78.7 42.8 60.2 44.4 30.4 20.1
Self-employment 15.0 14.8 8.1 11.8 7.6 6.8 3.2
Retirement benefits 28.0 56.8 91.7 86.7 94.3 94.0 95.5
Social Security 14.2 42.5 89.1 83.0 91.9 92.9 93.7
Benefits other than Social Security 18.5 36.0 49.7 46.9 50.3 50.1 53.9
Other public pensions 9.4 16.6 18.0 16.7 18.8 18.6 18.9
Railroad Retirement 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9
Government employee pensions 9.1 15.5 17.6 16.3 18.5 18.3 18.2
Military 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.6 3.9 3.1 2.5
Federal 1.7 3.6 4.6 3.5 4.5 5.8 5.6
State or local 5.4 10.0 11.2 11.1 11.6 11.1 10.9
Private pensions or annuities 9.9 21.8 35.7 33.3 35.8 35.4 40.5
Income from assets 65.5 67.7 66.1 67.4 65.5 65.0 65.5
Interest 63.8 65.2 64.2 65.4 64.5 63.0 63.0
Other income from assets 30.1 31.4 30.4 32.0 29.2 29.6 29.5
Dividends 26.0 27.4 25.7 27.2 24.3 25.4 24.8
Rent or royalties 9.5 9.7 9.8 10.3 10.1 9.6 8.6
Estates or trusts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4
Veterans' benefits 4.1 5.1 5.0 3.8 4.3 6.2 7.0
Unemployment compensation 7.5 6.6 3.0 3.9 2.8 3.2 1.2
Workers' compensation 1.8 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 6.2 6.5 6.0 5.6 6.9 5.6 6.0
Cash public assistance 4.1 4.3 3.1 2.6 4.6 2.7 2.8
Supplemental Security Income 3.6 3.8 2.9 2.4 4.4 2.4 2.8
Other 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0
Noncash benefits 3.0 3.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.3
Food 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.8 1.6
Energy 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4
Housing 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.2
Personal contributions 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.0
Number (thousands) 8,907 3,071 11,742 4,338 2,897 2,211 2,296
Nonmarried men
Earnings 72.8 52.7 32.3 42.0 34.7 26.5 25.9
Wages and salaries 66.9 48.6 28.7 35.6 30.2 23.6 24.8
Self-employment 9.1 7.5 5.6 8.5 6.6 5.0 2.9
Retirement benefits 29.4 54.7 89.5 82.1 92.2 92.2 92.8
Social Security 20.3 45.3 85.9 78.3 89.0 88.5 89.3
Benefits other than Social Security 14.8 23.6 39.7 31.2 36.9 40.2 48.7
Other public pensions 6.6 10.2 12.9 11.2 11.2 12.4 15.8
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.1
Government employee pensions 6.3 10.2 12.1 10.5 10.7 11.8 14.7
Military 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.7
Federal 1.7 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.4 4.6
State or local 3.7 4.8 7.2 6.3 6.1 7.5 8.5
Private pensions or annuities 8.8 13.6 28.1 21.1 26.4 29.1 34.8
Income from assets 41.7 44.1 50.5 48.9 44.3 52.7 54.2
Interest 39.7 41.5 47.9 45.5 42.4 50.2 51.8
Other income from assets 15.7 18.8 20.7 20.0 20.7 20.7 21.5
Dividends 12.0 15.3 17.0 14.5 18.7 17.9 17.7
Rent or royalties 6.2 6.9 6.3 8.1 4.6 6.7 5.5
Estates or trusts 0.1 0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.5 1.0
Veterans' benefits 5.2 5.8 6.2 4.6 4.7 7.1 8.0
Unemployment compensation 6.4 3.9 2.3 2.0 3.2 2.4 1.9
Workers' compensation 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.6
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 17.7 16.6 16.2 16.7 17.8 17.9 13.6
Cash public assistance 8.4 6.6 4.9 3.2 6.2 7.2 4.0
Supplemental Security Income 7.7 6.3 4.5 2.7 5.8 6.8 3.9
Other 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2
Noncash benefits 13.6 13.5 13.6 15.2 15.6 13.6 11.0
Food 9.2 7.8 6.0 7.5 7.6 5.2 4.4
Energy 3.2 5.0 3.7 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.4
Housing 5.1 5.3 7.7 8.3 8.9 8.3 6.1
Personal contributions 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.0
Number (thousands) 3,581 947 4,566 1,294 873 956 1,444
All women
Earnings 84.7 68.8 34.7 51.2 36.9 28.3 21.2
Wages and salaries 81.3 65.2 32.2 47.6 33.6 26.4 19.9
Self-employment 12.0 9.7 4.8 7.6 5.6 3.6 2.2
Retirement benefits 37.2 67.0 91.6 87.5 92.2 93.4 93.9
Social Security 24.8 59.1 89.0 84.0 89.8 91.3 91.9
Benefits other than Social Security 22.1 34.5 41.9 42.7 43.2 43.5 38.9
Other public pensions 9.9 14.7 15.8 16.0 16.6 15.8 15.0
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.1
Government employee pensions 9.6 14.4 15.2 15.6 16.2 15.3 14.1
Military 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.5
Federal 2.3 2.8 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.7 4.8
State or local 5.7 9.9 9.8 10.5 10.5 10.2 8.3
Private pensions or annuities 13.2 21.4 28.8 29.6 29.4 31.1 26.3
Income from assets 60.5 59.6 57.3 59.1 56.6 58.4 55.2
Interest 58.5 57.2 55.4 57.3 55.4 56.1 52.9
Other income from assets 25.4 27.2 22.7 24.6 22.4 24.3 20.0
Dividends 21.6 22.4 18.6 20.2 18.4 19.6 16.4
Rent or royalties 8.4 9.4 7.2 8.0 6.9 7.2 6.4
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3
Veterans' benefits 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.8
Unemployment compensation 6.3 3.9 2.3 3.4 2.8 1.7 1.4
Workers' compensation 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.2
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 11.1 11.7 13.8 12.2 14.7 13.7 14.9
Cash public assistance 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.4 6.7 5.3 5.4
Supplemental Security Income 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.0 6.2 5.1 5.1
Other 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4
Noncash benefits 7.8 8.6 10.9 9.6 11.8 10.8 11.7
Food 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.5 5.1 4.8
Energy 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.9 3.2 3.7
Housing 2.9 3.3 5.2 3.9 5.5 5.4 6.2
Personal contributions 3.0 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.6
Number (thousands) 13,307 4,476 21,480 6,193 4,810 4,162 6,314
Married women
Earnings 89.0 72.0 38.7 53.4 37.8 26.6 17.2
Wages and salaries 85.6 67.5 35.0 48.9 33.7 23.4 15.5
Self-employment 14.9 12.4 6.9 9.5 6.7 4.8 2.8
Retirement benefits 41.4 74.1 93.2 91.2 94.2 95.1 94.0
Social Security 27.2 66.3 91.0 88.4 92.1 94.1 92.1
Benefits other than Social Security 26.2 40.9 51.5 50.4 51.9 53.1 52.0
Other public pensions 11.8 16.4 19.1 18.4 19.7 19.5 19.7
Railroad Retirement 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.1
Government employee pensions 11.4 16.0 18.7 18.1 19.1 19.0 18.9
Military 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2
Federal 2.5 2.5 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.8
State or local 6.7 11.4 11.9 12.0 12.1 12.1 11.0
Private pensions or annuities 15.6 26.8 36.9 35.9 36.5 39.4 37.1
Income from assets 67.7 67.0 66.8 66.8 66.3 69.7 64.1
Interest 65.6 64.6 65.0 65.2 65.3 67.5 61.4
Other income from assets 30.9 33.4 30.2 30.0 29.3 32.6 29.3
Dividends 26.9 28.2 25.6 25.0 25.1 27.4 25.7
Rent or royalties 10.3 11.4 9.2 10.2 8.0 9.6 8.3
Estates or trusts 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0.2
Veterans' benefits 4.2 5.1 5.0 3.9 4.9 6.0 6.8
Unemployment compensation 6.9 3.9 2.9 4.0 3.1 2.0 0.8
Workers' compensation 1.7 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.1
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 5.8 6.3 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.1
Cash public assistance 3.8 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.4 2.7 2.0
Supplemental Security Income 3.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.2 2.7 1.9
Other 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0
Noncash benefits 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.4
Food 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.1
Energy 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2
Housing 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.5
Personal contributions 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.2 1.5
Number (thousands) 8,591 2,785 8,969 3,535 2,393 1,647 1,394
Nonmarried women
Earnings 76.9 63.6 32.0 48.4 36.1 29.5 22.3
Wages and salaries 73.5 61.4 30.2 46.0 33.6 28.3 21.1
Self-employment 6.8 5.2 3.3 4.9 4.5 2.7 2.1
Retirement benefits 29.7 55.3 90.4 82.5 90.1 92.3 93.9
Social Security 20.5 47.3 87.6 78.1 87.5 89.4 91.8
Benefits other than Social Security 14.6 24.0 34.9 32.5 34.5 37.2 35.2
Other public pensions 6.3 11.8 13.4 12.9 13.7 13.5 13.6
Railroad Retirement 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.1
Government employee pensions 6.2 11.7 12.8 12.4 13.4 12.8 12.7
Military 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.0
Federal 1.8 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.5 2.8 4.6
State or local 4.0 7.5 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.0 7.5
Private pensions or annuities 8.7 12.3 23.1 21.1 22.4 25.6 23.2
Income from assets 47.3 47.4 50.4 48.8 47.0 51.1 52.7
Interest 45.5 45.2 48.4 46.9 45.7 48.6 50.5
Other income from assets 15.5 16.9 17.3 17.3 15.6 18.9 17.4
Dividends 11.9 12.9 13.6 13.8 11.8 14.5 13.8
Rent or royalties 5.1 5.9 5.7 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.9
Estates or trusts 0.5 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.3
Veterans' benefits 1.2 1.2 2.2 1.8 1.3 2.0 3.0
Unemployment compensation 5.1 4.0 1.9 2.7 2.5 1.5 1.5
Workers' compensation 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 20.7 20.7 19.8 21.2 23.5 18.9 17.7
Cash public assistance 10.6 9.8 7.7 8.9 10.0 7.0 6.4
Supplemental Security Income 9.4 9.0 7.2 8.1 9.2 6.7 6.0
Other 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.5
Noncash benefits 16.7 16.7 16.2 17.8 19.7 15.2 14.0
Food 12.2 10.5 8.1 11.2 10.7 6.9 5.8
Energy 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.5 6.4 4.7 4.5
Housing 6.9 7.5 8.0 7.7 9.6 7.8 7.5
Personal contributions 6.0 3.9 2.3 3.6 2.5 2.2 1.6
Number (thousands) 4,716 1,690 12,511 2,659 2,417 2,515 4,920
 
Family Income Sources of Aged Persons Table 2.B2 Percentage with family income from specified source, by family's Social Security beneficiary status and aged person's sex and age, 2008
Source of family income Total Men Women
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
Persons in beneficiary families
Earnings 64.4 57.5 34.7 62.9 58.9 38.9 65.3 56.5 31.6
Wages and salaries 61.7 53.9 31.7 60.5 55.5 35.2 62.4 52.9 29.1
Self-employment 7.5 8.8 5.6 5.9 9.8 7.0 8.5 8.1 4.5
Retirement benefits 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Social Security 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Benefits other than Social Security 36.1 45.5 46.7 31.5 46.1 50.0 38.8 45.1 44.2
Other public pensions 13.5 16.8 16.4 12.7 17.1 16.9 14.0 16.6 16.0
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4
Government employee pensions 13.2 16.5 16.1 12.3 16.6 16.7 13.7 16.4 15.7
Military 1.8 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.8 1.8 3.0 2.0
Federal 2.9 3.1 4.2 2.5 3.8 4.3 3.2 2.7 4.2
State or local 8.9 11.5 10.4 8.3 11.0 10.7 9.3 11.8 10.2
Private pensions or annuities 24.9 31.2 33.5 21.0 32.1 36.6 27.3 30.7 31.1
Income from assets 50.7 59.3 60.8 45.6 58.6 63.1 53.7 59.8 59.1
Interest 48.4 57.1 58.7 42.7 56.7 60.9 51.9 57.3 57.1
Other income from assets 19.4 25.7 25.6 16.7 24.5 28.2 21.0 26.5 23.7
Dividends 15.9 21.5 21.2 12.7 21.4 23.7 17.8 21.6 19.4
Rent or royalties 6.8 8.8 8.0 6.1 7.5 8.8 7.2 9.5 7.4
Estates or trusts 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0 0.2
Veterans' benefits 7.4 5.6 4.6 9.5 7.1 5.9 6.1 4.7 3.6
Unemployment compensation 5.2 4.5 2.4 5.7 5.6 2.7 4.8 3.7 2.1
Workers' compensation 1.9 1.6 0.6 2.2 1.5 0.8 1.8 1.6 0.5
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 18.1 12.5 10.8 20.0 12.4 8.3 17.0 12.6 12.8
Cash public assistance 8.9 5.2 3.7 9.7 4.9 3.0 8.4 5.5 4.2
Supplemental Security Income 7.9 4.6 3.4 8.8 4.5 2.7 7.3 4.7 3.9
Other 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.4
Noncash benefits 13.3 9.4 8.8 14.1 9.1 6.4 12.8 9.5 10.6
Food 8.8 5.4 4.1 9.4 5.1 2.9 8.5 5.6 5.0
Energy 5.0 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.6 2.0 5.7 3.4 3.5
Housing 5.1 3.5 4.1 5.5 2.9 3.0 4.8 3.9 5.0
Personal contributions 3.0 1.5 1.3 3.1 1.3 0.9 2.9 1.6 1.6
Number (thousands) 5,296 4,382 33,512 1,996 1,735 14,390 3,300 2,647 19,122
Persons in nonbeneficiary families
Earnings 91.1 88.0 65.0 91.2 89.1 70.9 91.1 86.7 60.2
Wages and salaries 87.4 83.5 61.7 87.2 83.9 66.6 87.5 83.0 57.7
Self-employment 14.0 13.9 8.6 14.7 15.5 11.0 13.2 11.9 6.7
Retirement benefits 15.6 21.4 23.5 14.8 23.1 24.0 16.6 19.3 23.2
Social Security 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Benefits other than Social Security 15.6 21.4 23.5 14.8 23.1 24.0 16.6 19.3 23.2
Other public pensions 8.1 12.8 14.4 7.8 13.5 14.2 8.5 11.9 14.6
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.7 2.9 0.3 1.0 2.9 0.3 0.4 2.9
Government employee pensions 7.9 12.0 11.6 7.5 12.5 11.3 8.2 11.4 11.8
Military 2.0 1.9 0.9 1.9 2.4 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.6
Federal 1.7 3.4 4.9 1.5 3.7 4.6 2.0 3.0 5.2
State or local 4.4 7.2 5.9 4.3 7.1 5.6 4.5 7.2 6.2
Private pensions or annuities 7.9 9.3 10.7 7.4 10.5 10.9 8.5 7.9 10.6
Income from assets 61.9 62.4 46.5 61.2 64.8 51.6 62.7 59.4 42.3
Interest 60.1 59.7 45.2 59.6 61.8 50.3 60.7 57.1 41.0
Other income from assets 27.3 29.9 18.8 27.7 31.4 23.9 26.9 28.1 14.7
Dividends 23.3 25.5 15.6 23.8 27.0 19.8 22.8 23.6 12.3
Rent or royalties 9.0 9.7 6.7 9.0 10.1 8.7 8.9 9.1 5.0
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2
Veterans' benefits 2.8 3.1 1.5 3.5 3.9 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.5
Unemployment compensation 7.1 5.3 3.7 7.4 6.2 3.5 6.8 4.1 3.9
Workers' compensation 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.3
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 8.3 8.1 18.3 7.5 6.2 13.1 9.2 10.4 22.6
Cash public assistance 5.0 5.5 13.4 4.5 4.9 8.4 5.5 6.4 17.4
Supplemental Security Income 4.5 5.0 13.1 4.0 4.3 8.3 5.0 5.8 17.0
Other 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7
Noncash benefits 5.3 4.7 11.4 4.5 2.8 8.3 6.1 7.2 13.9
Food 4.0 3.5 7.5 3.4 2.3 4.8 4.6 5.1 9.8
Energy 1.4 1.6 2.8 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.6 2.1 3.5
Housing 1.7 1.5 5.9 1.2 0.8 4.3 2.3 2.5 7.2
Personal contributions 2.3 2.1 2.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 3.0 2.8 2.7
Number (thousands) 20,500 4,111 4,276 10,492 2,282 1,918 10,008 1,828 2,358
 
Family Income Sources of Aged Persons Table 2.B3 Percentage with family income from specified source, by sex, marital status, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2008
Source of family income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
All persons
Earnings 86.7 72.9 37.0 77.1 65.8 40.7 88.9 76.0 60.4 85.0 76.9 49.8
Wages and salaries 82.9 68.8 33.8 75.8 63.5 37.9 84.6 71.5 57.6 82.7 73.9 46.9
Self-employment 13.5 11.8 6.1 6.0 6.4 3.9 13.7 8.6 7.5 10.3 8.6 6.0
Retirement benefits 32.8 62.6 92.5 36.9 62.2 87.7 24.1 47.8 72.0 27.4 50.8 80.4
Social Security 20.0 51.9 90.0 25.6 54.2 83.7 16.7 38.4 70.0 20.7 45.7 77.8
Benefits other than Social Security 20.3 35.3 45.8 18.8 26.2 33.8 12.7 22.3 27.1 11.2 18.0 23.9
Other public pensions 9.6 15.6 16.6 7.5 11.1 13.7 6.0 8.3 10.6 5.2 7.8 9.0
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
Government employee pensions 9.3 15.0 16.0 7.3 10.8 13.2 5.7 7.0 10.6 5.0 7.7 8.7
Military 2.0 2.6 2.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.6 1.2
Federal 2.0 3.2 4.3 2.5 3.8 4.1 0.8 2.1 4.1 1.4 2.3 2.7
State or local 5.6 10.0 10.2 4.0 6.7 8.8 3.9 3.1 5.7 2.8 5.3 5.6
Private pensions or annuities 11.6 21.6 32.3 11.6 15.4 22.1 7.4 14.4 18.5 6.3 11.0 16.0
Income from assets 63.0 64.4 62.5 35.7 32.0 30.0 57.6 55.9 53.9 34.1 36.0 32.3
Interest 61.1 61.8 60.4 33.9 30.5 29.3 55.8 55.0 53.0 32.3 33.9 30.5
Other income from assets 27.7 30.1 26.8 9.9 9.9 8.2 27.5 22.8 20.5 10.3 12.2 9.3
Dividends 23.6 25.6 22.3 7.7 7.0 5.9 23.4 19.6 18.5 7.0 7.6 6.0
Rent or royalties 9.2 9.7 8.5 3.2 4.9 3.3 7.9 7.7 5.2 5.2 6.9 4.6
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 0.1 0 0 0.1
Veterans' benefits 3.7 4.5 4.2 4.9 3.5 4.6 1.4 1.6 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.9
Unemployment compensation 6.9 4.8 2.4 6.0 4.8 3.5 6.0 6.8 3.0 7.1 4.5 3.9
Workers' compensation 1.4 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.6 0 0.4 2.4 1.5 1.4
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 8.4 8.6 9.6 24.9 25.1 26.5 9.0 10.0 22.3 17.3 19.7 25.0
Cash public assistance 4.8 4.4 3.7 13.7 12.2 11.1 3.5 7.0 13.3 9.5 11.3 12.3
Supplemental Security Income 4.4 4.0 3.5 12.0 11.4 10.1 3.2 5.7 13.1 7.9 10.5 11.7
Other 0.6 0.6 0.3 2.2 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.2 0.3 1.9 1.8 1.0
Noncash benefits 5.3 5.6 7.6 18.8 19.6 21.2 6.4 4.3 14.0 11.9 12.7 18.5
Food 3.9 3.5 3.6 13.4 12.5 12.1 3.4 2.3 5.4 8.8 8.7 13.0
Energy 1.8 2.3 2.7 4.7 5.3 5.0 0.9 0.6 1.6 2.3 1.8 3.6
Housing 1.5 1.8 3.5 8.4 8.8 10.8 4.5 3.4 9.9 3.8 4.6 6.6
Personal contributions 2.4 1.7 1.4 2.8 2.2 1.5 2.9 2.1 2.6 4.1 4.8 2.3
Number (thousands) 21,505 7,226 32,714 2,715 817 3,229 1,078 295 1,296 2,311 650 2,717
All men
Earnings 87.6 76.8 42.0 77.9 65.0 42.9 91.0 83.6 60.2 87.4 80.5 51.7
Wages and salaries 83.5 72.2 38.1 77.3 62.9 40.1 87.3 79.5 55.9 84.8 76.9 47.9
Self-employment 14.1 13.6 7.7 5.8 8.7 4.4 14.0 7.8 9.9 11.4 9.6 6.7
Retirement benefits 28.3 56.0 92.0 33.7 65.7 88.1 15.7 38.7 75.3 23.2 45.8 82.2
Social Security 15.3 42.3 89.3 23.0 56.1 84.1 10.0 30.4 73.5 16.3 39.3 79.2
Benefits other than Social Security 18.0 34.5 48.5 16.7 23.8 37.9 8.8 19.5 29.5 9.4 18.0 26.4
Other public pensions 8.9 15.9 17.2 6.9 9.6 13.4 4.4 7.7 9.2 4.7 7.8 9.2
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2
Government employee pensions 8.6 15.1 16.6 6.8 9.2 12.9 4.1 6.2 9.1 4.5 7.7 9.0
Military 2.0 2.6 2.7 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.2 0 0.6 1.3 0 1.0
Federal 1.7 3.8 4.5 1.8 2.8 3.5 0.2 2.9 3.9 1.1 2.4 3.2
State or local 5.1 9.4 10.4 3.9 5.2 8.7 2.7 3.2 5.7 2.3 5.3 5.9
Private pensions or annuities 9.8 20.7 34.7 10.2 14.2 26.8 4.9 12.9 21.8 4.9 11.0 18.4
Income from assets 61.6 65.6 65.1 37.0 28.8 31.4 55.6 58.4 53.5 30.6 37.8 32.4
Interest 59.8 62.9 62.7 34.9 27.7 30.9 54.0 57.4 52.8 29.1 35.8 31.0
Other income from assets 27.7 30.6 29.6 10.5 10.3 10.9 28.9 20.6 22.3 9.9 13.7 9.2
Dividends 23.6 26.7 24.8 8.3 7.4 8.5 22.9 15.2 21.6 6.8 8.7 6.2
Rent or royalties 9.2 9.3 9.4 3.0 5.9 4.2 9.7 8.6 4.8 5.2 7.3 4.4
Estates or trusts 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 4.4 5.0 5.3 6.2 7.7 6.3 0.6 1.2 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.8
Unemployment compensation 7.4 5.9 2.7 5.5 6.3 4.1 6.6 7.6 2.4 7.7 5.0 4.8
Workers' compensation 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.8 0.9 0.5 0.9 0 0.5 2.5 1.7 1.7
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 7.9 7.4 7.3 22.2 22.1 19.4 7.6 9.2 19.3 15.8 17.0 22.0
Cash public assistance 4.7 4.0 3.0 11.7 11.1 6.9 1.7 7.9 10.8 9.0 11.6 10.6
Supplemental Security Income 4.2 3.6 2.7 10.3 10.6 6.2 1.4 6.5 10.8 7.5 10.6 9.7
Other 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 1.4 0.1 1.5 2.2 1.3
Noncash benefits 4.7 4.5 5.4 16.2 15.5 15.6 6.3 2.6 13.0 9.8 7.3 15.6
Food 3.4 2.9 2.7 11.8 9.2 6.8 3.7 1.3 4.9 7.4 5.1 10.7
Energy 1.3 1.9 1.9 3.6 5.8 3.0 0.7 0 1.1 2.6 0.9 2.6
Housing 1.2 1.1 2.4 6.4 7.2 8.9 4.4 2.6 8.9 2.1 2.5 5.1
Personal contributions 1.8 1.4 0.9 3.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.9 3.2 3.8 2.2
Number (thousands) 10,533 3,472 14,259 1,215 342 1,261 507 125 540 1,120 310 1,168
Married men
Earnings 92.4 83.2 45.6 90.1 82.2 53.1 92.2 87.0 62.5 91.1 84.9 52.4
Wages and salaries 89.5 78.4 41.8 89.7 80.2 49.5 87.8 85.2 57.0 88.8 80.8 48.9
Self-employment 15.5 15.4 8.2 7.9 11.0 6.1 16.0 6.5 10.9 13.3 11.9 7.0
Retirement benefits 28.3 57.1 92.5 30.2 64.4 89.7 16.0 33.6 76.2 22.7 50.8 84.4
Social Security 14.0 42.5 90.0 17.5 50.6 85.8 9.6 25.7 74.0 15.1 43.9 81.4
Benefits other than Social Security 19.0 37.1 50.9 17.7 28.8 43.3 9.4 19.5 32.7 10.1 20.7 31.2
Other public pensions 9.8 17.2 18.4 6.6 12.3 16.5 4.8 8.7 10.5 4.4 10.3 11.9
Railroad Retirement 0.3 1.1 0.4 0 0.6 0.7 0.3 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Government employee pensions 9.5 16.1 18.0 6.6 11.7 15.8 4.5 6.8 10.4 4.3 10.1 11.7
Military 2.4 3.1 3.0 1.1 1.0 2.7 1.3 0 0.8 1.2 0 1.6
Federal 1.8 3.5 4.6 1.6 3.7 5.1 0.2 3.1 4.5 1.2 3.4 4.2
State or local 5.6 10.5 11.5 4.1 7.9 10.1 3.0 3.7 6.6 2.2 6.7 7.6
Private pensions or annuities 10.0 22.6 36.5 11.4 16.5 30.4 5.2 11.9 24.1 5.8 11.5 21.1
Income from assets 67.9 70.9 68.7 45.6 30.0 37.9 56.5 59.4 56.5 35.7 43.4 35.9
Interest 66.3 68.3 66.6 42.8 28.2 36.9 54.7 57.8 55.6 34.3 40.5 34.6
Other income from assets 31.4 33.3 32.0 14.2 13.4 14.5 31.5 21.4 23.7 12.0 17.2 9.8
Dividends 27.4 29.3 27.0 11.5 9.8 10.7 24.8 18.9 23.0 9.0 11.7 6.8
Rent or royalties 10.0 9.9 10.3 3.8 7.2 6.6 9.7 6.4 4.9 5.8 8.7 4.6
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 4.1 4.9 5.0 6.8 7.3 6.1 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.1 3.7 3.6
Unemployment compensation 7.6 6.3 2.8 6.4 9.4 5.5 6.8 9.5 2.5 8.2 3.6 4.8
Workers' compensation 1.7 1.5 0.8 2.3 1.5 0.7 1.1 0 0.5 3.4 1.7 0.9
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 5.5 5.6 5.0 13.0 14.6 12.3 6.1 9.7 17.6 13.1 15.6 18.5
Cash public assistance 3.7 3.8 2.6 9.2 8.8 6.0 1.3 8.1 10.2 8.2 11.2 9.5
Supplemental Security Income 3.3 3.3 2.4 7.0 7.9 5.4 0.9 8.1 10.2 6.6 9.8 9.4
Other 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0 1.6 2.4 0.9
Noncash benefits 2.6 2.5 3.2 6.8 8.1 7.6 5.2 3.2 11.5 7.3 5.6 12.8
Food 2.0 1.8 1.8 5.7 6.3 3.4 3.5 1.6 3.9 5.8 3.9 9.0
Energy 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.9 3.1 2.1 0.8 0 1.4 2.1 0.3 2.9
Housing 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.8 3.7 3.2 7.2 1.0 1.6 2.4
Personal contributions 2.0 1.3 0.8 5.0 2.1 0.7 1.9 1.5 1.6 3.5 5.0 1.0
Number (thousands) 7,690 2,711 10,469 659 201 693 425 100 428 754 220 752
Nonmarried men
Earnings 74.6 54.0 32.0 63.5 40.7 30.4 85.0 a 51.5 79.9 69.8 50.3
Wages and salaries 67.5 50.3 27.9 62.5 38.2 28.6 84.6 a 51.5 76.7 67.4 46.0
Self-employment 10.4 7.4 6.3 3.3 5.5 2.2 3.9 a 6.1 7.7 4.1 6.2
Retirement benefits 28.3 52.4 90.7 37.9 67.6 86.1 14.0 a 71.8 24.2 33.6 78.3
Social Security 18.7 41.9 87.2 29.5 64.0 82.1 12.1 a 71.8 18.9 28.1 75.2
Benefits other than Social Security 15.3 25.3 42.0 15.5 16.6 31.2 5.5 a 17.3 7.9 11.6 17.7
Other public pensions 6.6 11.4 13.8 7.3 5.7 9.6 2.3 a 4.3 5.4 1.8 4.2
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0 0.9 0.4 0 0.2 0 a 0 0.7 0 0
Government employee pensions 6.3 11.4 12.9 7.0 5.7 9.4 2.3 a 4.3 4.7 1.8 4.2
Military 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 3.1 0.9 0.5 a 0.2 1.5 0 0
Federal 1.6 4.7 4.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 0.5 a 1.9 1.0 0.1 1.3
State or local 3.9 5.7 7.5 3.7 1.2 6.9 1.3 a 2.2 2.5 1.7 2.8
Private pensions or annuities 9.1 14.1 29.7 8.8 10.9 22.4 3.3 a 13.1 3.1 9.9 13.5
Income from assets 44.6 47.0 55.1 26.9 27.0 23.4 50.6 a 42.0 20.0 24.3 26.2
Interest 42.3 43.7 52.0 25.7 27.0 23.4 50.6 a 42.1 18.3 24.3 24.7
Other income from assets 17.5 21.2 23.0 6.2 5.8 6.5 15.4 a 16.9 5.6 5.3 8.1
Dividends 13.4 17.8 18.7 4.6 4.1 5.6 12.9 a 16.5 2.4 1.4 5.3
Rent or royalties 6.9 7.3 7.1 1.9 4.0 1.4 9.6 a 4.8 3.7 3.9 4.1
Estates or trusts 0.2 0 0.6 0 0 0.6 0 a 0.2 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 5.3 5.6 6.3 5.5 8.2 6.4 0 a 2.2 3.7 1.5 4.2
Unemployment compensation 6.8 4.4 2.3 4.5 2.0 2.4 5.4 a 2.0 6.6 8.6 4.6
Workers' compensation 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.2 0 0.2 0 a 0.3 0.7 1.8 3.0
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 14.6 13.8 13.8 33.0 32.7 28.0 15.4 a 25.8 21.1 20.6 28.3
Cash public assistance 7.3 5.0 4.0 14.8 14.4 8.0 4.1 a 13.2 10.7 12.4 12.4
Supplemental Security Income 6.6 4.9 3.7 14.3 14.4 7.3 4.1 a 12.8 9.3 12.4 10.3
Other 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.6 0 a 0.3 1.3 1.6 2.1
Noncash benefits 10.7 11.4 11.6 27.4 26.1 25.3 11.7 a 18.9 14.9 11.5 20.8
Food 7.1 6.8 5.1 18.9 13.3 11.0 4.4 a 8.4 10.7 8.1 13.9
Energy 2.8 4.4 3.8 5.7 9.6 4.1 0 a 0.2 3.5 2.4 2.1
Housing 3.6 3.7 6.2 12.4 14.8 16.4 7.8 a 15.5 4.3 4.7 10.0
Personal contributions 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.2 0 2.4 0 a 3.4 2.6 0.8 4.3
Number (thousands) 2,842 761 3,790 556 141 567 82 25 112 366 90 416
All women
Earnings 85.9 69.3 33.1 76.4 66.4 39.3 87.0 70.3 60.5 82.7 73.6 48.3
Wages and salaries 82.3 65.6 30.5 74.5 63.9 36.5 82.2 65.6 58.8 80.8 71.2 46.2
Self-employment 12.8 10.2 4.9 6.1 4.8 3.6 13.4 9.2 5.8 9.2 7.7 5.4
Retirement benefits 37.1 68.6 92.9 39.6 59.7 87.5 31.6 54.5 69.7 31.4 55.4 79.0
Social Security 24.4 60.7 90.6 27.7 52.8 83.4 22.7 44.4 67.4 24.9 51.6 76.7
Benefits other than Social Security 22.5 36.0 43.8 20.5 27.9 31.2 16.2 24.3 25.3 12.9 18.0 22.0
Other public pensions 10.2 15.3 16.2 8.0 12.2 13.9 7.4 8.8 11.6 5.6 7.7 8.9
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.1 0 0 0.4
Government employee pensions 9.9 15.0 15.6 7.8 12.0 13.4 7.1 7.7 11.6 5.6 7.7 8.5
Military 2.1 2.5 2.0 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.4 3.2 2.5 0.5 1.1 1.3
Federal 2.2 2.7 4.2 3.0 4.5 4.5 1.3 1.4 4.3 1.8 2.2 2.3
State or local 6.0 10.6 10.1 4.0 7.8 8.9 4.9 3.1 5.8 3.3 5.4 5.5
Private pensions or annuities 13.4 22.3 30.5 12.8 16.3 19.1 9.6 15.4 16.1 7.6 11.0 14.1
Income from assets 64.4 63.2 60.6 34.5 34.3 29.1 59.4 54.1 54.3 37.4 34.3 32.2
Interest 62.3 60.7 58.6 33.0 32.4 28.4 57.3 53.1 53.1 35.2 32.2 30.1
Other income from assets 27.7 29.5 24.7 9.4 9.6 6.4 26.3 24.5 19.2 10.7 10.9 9.3
Dividends 23.6 24.5 20.3 7.3 6.6 4.3 23.9 22.8 16.2 7.1 6.6 5.7
Rent or royalties 9.3 10.0 7.7 3.4 4.3 2.8 6.3 7.0 5.4 5.2 6.5 4.8
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0.1
Veterans' benefits 3.0 4.0 3.4 3.8 0.5 3.5 2.1 2.0 2.9 3.2 2.4 2.2
Unemployment compensation 6.4 3.9 2.2 6.3 3.8 3.0 5.5 6.1 3.4 6.6 4.0 3.2
Workers' compensation 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.4 0 0.4 2.3 1.4 1.1
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 8.8 9.6 11.4 27.1 27.3 31.0 10.3 10.6 24.4 18.8 22.2 27.3
Cash public assistance 5.0 4.8 4.3 15.4 13.0 13.8 5.1 6.3 15.1 9.9 11.0 13.7
Supplemental Security Income 4.5 4.3 4.1 13.3 12.1 12.6 4.7 5.1 14.7 8.3 10.4 13.2
Other 0.7 0.7 0.3 2.5 1.3 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.4 2.2 1.5 0.7
Noncash benefits 5.9 6.7 9.2 20.9 22.6 24.8 6.6 5.7 14.7 13.8 17.6 20.7
Food 4.4 4.0 4.4 14.7 14.9 15.4 3.1 3.1 5.7 10.1 11.9 14.8
Energy 2.2 2.6 3.2 5.7 5.0 6.3 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.1 2.6 4.4
Housing 1.8 2.4 4.3 10.0 10.0 12.0 4.7 4.1 10.5 5.4 6.5 7.7
Personal contributions 2.9 1.9 1.7 2.4 2.9 1.6 4.1 2.7 3.1 4.9 5.8 2.4
Number (thousands) 10,972 3,753 18,456 1,500 475 1,969 571 169 756 1,191 340 1,549
Married women
Earnings 89.3 72.4 37.6 87.8 70.8 41.9 86.5 65.9 58.6 86.8 73.5 47.2
Wages and salaries 85.6 67.8 34.0 87.0 68.9 36.3 83.3 58.7 56.5 84.9 70.2 44.0
Self-employment 15.5 12.9 6.9 8.7 4.3 6.5 14.1 10.4 7.5 12.5 9.3 6.9
Retirement benefits 41.1 74.5 93.9 48.6 79.9 92.6 34.9 63.4 76.4 37.8 69.8 84.5
Social Security 26.9 66.9 91.7 31.8 70.7 91.0 24.3 52.9 74.5 30.0 66.0 81.1
Benefits other than Social Security 26.2 41.6 52.8 30.2 40.5 42.3 19.5 28.7 35.5 15.7 23.7 33.0
Other public pensions 12.0 16.8 19.4 11.6 15.7 18.3 8.5 9.7 14.4 6.1 8.6 14.3
Railroad Retirement 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.7 0.1 0 0 0.3
Government employee pensions 11.6 16.5 18.9 11.0 15.0 17.7 8.2 8.0 14.3 6.1 8.6 14.0
Military 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.8 0 1.5 1.7 3.9 3.8 0.9 1.2 2.6
Federal 2.4 2.4 5.0 3.8 4.3 5.3 1.8 1.3 4.7 2.1 2.6 4.7
State or local 6.8 11.8 12.1 5.4 11.6 12.1 5.3 2.7 7.8 3.0 6.6 8.2
Private pensions or annuities 15.6 27.2 37.9 19.0 26.4 29.1 11.7 19.0 24.0 9.7 16.5 20.8
Income from assets 70.2 69.5 69.1 43.8 40.6 39.0 61.2 56.6 55.1 38.2 42.2 39.3
Interest 68.1 67.0 67.3 41.0 38.3 38.5 58.8 55.2 53.4 35.5 40.1 38.1
Other income from assets 32.4 35.1 31.8 13.9 16.1 11.6 29.0 26.5 22.9 13.1 17.3 10.7
Dividends 28.4 29.8 27.0 10.0 11.6 8.3 26.4 24.2 20.5 8.7 9.1 7.9
Rent or royalties 10.8 11.7 9.7 5.5 7.6 5.6 7.0 9.2 5.2 6.3 9.9 4.9
Estates or trusts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 4.0 5.5 4.8 7.3 0.1 7.4 2.5 3.0 5.9 4.7 3.8 4.7
Unemployment compensation 7.0 3.7 2.9 7.4 6.2 3.6 6.7 4.5 1.8 7.5 4.0 3.1
Workers' compensation 1.7 1.3 0.6 2.4 1.8 0 0.4 0 0.8 2.8 2.7 1.3
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 5.0 5.6 4.7 12.3 13.0 10.1 9.6 8.6 17.1 13.5 18.4 16.5
Cash public assistance 3.4 3.1 2.2 8.5 4.3 5.1 3.4 5.8 11.8 8.1 11.3 7.7
Supplemental Security Income 3.1 2.6 2.2 7.6 4.3 4.5 3.4 4.3 11.8 7.5 10.9 7.7
Other 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.9 0 0.7 0 1.5 0 1.0 2.2 0.4
Noncash benefits 2.4 3.1 3.2 5.8 8.7 5.5 6.6 4.5 10.4 7.9 12.8 11.5
Food 1.6 1.9 1.8 4.2 4.5 1.8 2.9 3.7 3.9 6.3 9.5 8.2
Energy 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.8 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.5
Housing 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.2 3.1 2.3 5.7 2.7 6.1 1.3 3.0 2.0
Personal contributions 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.0 1.7 0.6 2.5 3.5 1.1
Number (thousands) 7,463 2,445 8,049 590 179 468 405 111 340 677 173 620
Nonmarried women
Earnings 78.7 63.4 29.5 69.0 63.8 38.4 88.3 a 62.0 77.3 73.6 49.1
Wages and salaries 75.4 61.5 27.8 66.5 60.9 36.6 79.5 a 60.6 75.4 72.2 47.7
Self-employment 7.2 5.0 3.3 4.4 5.1 2.7 11.6 a 4.4 4.8 6.1 4.4
Retirement benefits 28.7 57.5 92.2 33.7 47.5 85.9 23.5 a 64.2 23.1 40.4 75.4
Social Security 19.2 49.0 89.7 25.0 42.0 81.0 18.8 a 61.7 18.2 36.6 73.7
Benefits other than Social Security 14.8 25.6 36.8 14.2 20.3 27.7 8.2 a 17.0 9.3 12.1 14.6
Other public pensions 6.5 12.4 13.7 5.7 10.1 12.5 4.6 a 9.3 5.0 6.8 5.2
Railroad Retirement 0.1 0.1 0.8 0 0 0.5 0 a 0 0 0 0.5
Government employee pensions 6.3 12.3 13.0 5.7 10.1 12.0 4.6 a 9.3 5.0 6.8 4.8
Military 0.6 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 a 1.4 0 0.9 0.5
Federal 1.8 3.3 3.6 2.4 4.6 4.2 0 a 3.9 1.3 1.8 0.7
State or local 4.2 8.3 8.6 3.1 5.4 7.9 3.8 a 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.6
Private pensions or annuities 8.9 13.2 24.8 8.7 10.1 15.9 4.4 a 9.6 4.8 5.3 9.7
Income from assets 52.1 51.4 54.0 28.5 30.6 26.0 55.2 a 53.6 36.4 26.2 27.5
Interest 50.0 48.9 51.8 27.9 28.9 25.2 53.7 a 52.8 34.8 24.0 24.8
Other income from assets 17.6 19.3 19.3 6.5 5.6 4.8 19.7 a 16.2 7.7 4.2 8.4
Dividends 13.4 14.8 15.2 5.5 3.6 3.0 17.5 a 12.7 4.9 3.9 4.3
Rent or royalties 5.9 6.8 6.2 2.0 2.2 1.9 4.6 a 5.5 3.6 3.0 4.7
Estates or trusts 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 0 0.1 0 a 0.2 0 0 0.2
Veterans' benefits 1.0 1.3 2.3 1.5 0.8 2.3 1.1 a 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.5
Unemployment compensation 5.2 4.2 1.7 5.7 2.3 2.9 2.7 a 4.7 5.4 4.0 3.3
Workers' compensation 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 a 0 1.6 0 1.0
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 16.7 17.2 16.6 36.8 35.9 37.6 12.1 a 30.3 25.8 26.1 34.6
Cash public assistance 8.4 8.0 6.0 19.8 18.3 16.5 9.1 a 17.8 12.3 10.6 17.7
Supplemental Security Income 7.5 7.4 5.6 17.0 16.7 15.1 7.8 a 17.1 9.4 9.8 16.9
Other 1.4 0.8 0.5 3.6 2.1 1.8 1.3 a 0.8 3.8 0.8 0.9
Noncash benefits 13.4 13.4 13.9 30.7 31.0 30.8 6.4 a 18.3 21.5 22.6 26.8
Food 10.1 7.9 6.4 21.5 21.2 19.7 3.5 a 7.2 15.1 14.3 19.1
Energy 4.6 4.9 4.8 8.0 7.4 7.8 2.2 a 2.5 3.0 3.3 5.7
Housing 4.8 6.0 6.8 15.8 14.1 15.0 2.3 a 14.2 10.7 10.1 11.6
Personal contributions 6.5 3.9 2.3 3.2 4.2 1.7 9.1 a 5.1 8.1 8.2 3.2
Number (thousands) 3,509 1,308 10,407 910 296 1,501 166 58 416 514 167 929
a. Fewer than 75,000 weighted cases.
Family Income Sources of Aged Persons Table 2.B4 Percentage with family income from specified source, by family's Social Security beneficiary status and aged person's race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2008
Source of family income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
Persons in beneficiary families
Earnings 65.7 58.1 34.0 56.9 53.6 36.1 65.7 51.7 53.4 63.9 65.0 43.1
Wages and salaries 62.9 54.4 30.9 55.0 52.5 32.9 61.9 47.3 51.1 62.5 63.2 40.3
Self-employment 8.0 9.4 5.8 4.8 3.9 4.1 10.4 5.5 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.2
Retirement benefits 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Social Security 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Benefits other than Social Security 37.6 47.4 48.1 29.1 33.5 35.5 31.7 33.6 35.7 21.8 28.3 27.4
Other public pensions 13.7 17.6 16.7 11.7 12.2 13.7 16.0 10.6 13.6 8.9 11.1 10.5
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0 0.3 0 0 0 0.3 0 0.2
Government employee pensions 13.3 17.2 16.5 11.4 12.2 13.3 16.0 10.6 13.6 8.6 11.1 10.3
Military 1.8 3.1 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 3.8 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.4
Federal 2.9 3.0 4.2 3.4 4.0 3.7 2.5 4.8 5.3 2.6 2.4 3.3
State or local 9.2 12.1 10.7 7.0 8.3 9.3 12.2 1.9 7.6 5.0 8.7 6.6
Private pensions or annuities 26.4 32.6 34.7 18.8 21.9 24.1 19.5 24.2 25.0 13.3 18.4 18.3
Income from assets 53.5 63.0 64.0 30.3 30.2 30.0 61.0 51.8 57.9 37.2 37.1 33.9
Interest 51.4 60.6 61.7 27.9 28.7 29.5 55.6 50.8 56.6 34.1 35.9 32.3
Other income from assets 20.9 27.9 27.4 9.1 9.5 8.0 25.1 19.4 23.7 12.6 13.1 9.8
Dividends 17.3 23.6 22.8 6.6 6.4 5.6 20.9 14.4 20.8 7.9 9.2 6.8
Rent or royalties 7.3 9.1 8.5 3.4 5.6 3.7 9.8 9.3 5.9 7.2 7.4 4.4
Estates or trusts 0.1 0.1 0.3 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.1
Veterans' benefits 7.6 5.9 4.5 7.0 3.8 5.1 3.1 1.1 3.4 6.3 3.7 3.2
Unemployment compensation 5.2 4.4 2.3 5.2 5.5 3.5 6.3 2.0 2.2 5.0 3.9 3.1
Workers' compensation 2.0 1.6 0.6 2.1 1.1 0.5 0 0 0.6 2.3 1.8 1.5
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 14.8 10.9 9.1 36.8 26.5 26.7 19.0 12.4 16.2 27.0 22.0 23.9
Cash public assistance 7.2 4.6 3.0 19.3 10.7 10.2 6.1 7.6 6.1 14.8 10.2 10.2
Supplemental Security Income 6.3 4.0 2.7 17.1 9.5 9.0 4.9 7.6 5.7 12.5 9.5 9.5
Other 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 0 0.4 2.6 1.2 0.9
Noncash benefits 10.7 7.9 7.3 27.5 21.2 21.8 15.7 6.8 14.1 17.0 16.3 18.4
Food 7.1 4.5 3.3 18.8 12.1 12.2 8.2 4.6 5.0 11.1 9.9 12.4
Energy 4.5 3.3 2.6 8.7 6.3 5.0 2.0 0 2.1 4.1 3.3 3.7
Housing 3.6 2.7 3.3 12.3 9.9 11.0 10.5 4.5 10.0 6.8 5.4 6.7
Personal contributions 2.8 1.4 1.2 2.6 1.6 1.3 3.5 2.0 2.4 4.6 4.7 2.0
Number (thousands) 4,292 3,748 29,445 695 443 2,702 180 113 907 479 297 2,113
Persons in nonbeneficiary families
Earnings 92.0 88.8 63.6 84.0 80.4 64.3 93.6 91.1 76.7 90.5 86.9 73.1
Wages and salaries 87.9 84.3 60.0 82.9 76.4 63.5 89.2 86.6 72.7 88.0 83.0 70.0
Self-employment 14.8 14.4 9.1 6.4 9.4 3.0 14.3 10.6 13.0 11.4 11.1 8.8
Retirement benefits 16.0 22.2 25.3 15.3 17.5 24.9 8.9 15.2 6.8 8.4 9.3 11.7
Social Security 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Benefits other than Social Security 16.0 22.2 25.3 15.3 17.5 24.9 8.9 15.2 6.8 8.4 9.3 11.7
Other public pensions 8.6 13.4 15.9 6.1 9.8 14.0 4.0 7.0 3.7 4.2 4.9 3.9
Railroad Retirement 0.3 0.7 3.5 0.2 0.7 1.4 0.3 2.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7
Government employee pensions 8.3 12.7 12.4 5.9 9.1 12.6 3.7 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.8 3.2
Military 2.1 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 0.4
Federal 1.8 3.5 5.1 2.1 3.5 6.2 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.2 2.3 0.6
State or local 4.6 7.8 6.5 2.9 4.7 6.3 2.2 3.9 1.4 2.2 2.5 2.2
Private pensions or annuities 8.0 9.6 11.3 9.2 7.7 11.8 5.0 8.2 3.1 4.4 4.8 7.8
Income from assets 65.4 65.8 49.8 37.5 34.2 29.7 56.9 58.5 44.6 33.3 35.0 26.8
Interest 63.5 63.1 48.4 36.0 32.5 28.6 55.8 57.6 44.5 31.8 32.2 24.4
Other income from assets 29.4 32.4 21.4 10.2 10.3 9.3 28.0 25.0 13.0 9.7 11.5 7.5
Dividends 25.2 27.8 17.6 8.1 7.6 7.6 23.9 22.8 12.9 6.7 6.3 2.9
Rent or royalties 9.7 10.3 8.0 3.1 4.2 1.7 7.5 6.7 3.5 4.6 6.5 5.3
Estates or trusts 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0 0 0.2 0 0.1 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 2.7 3.0 1.5 4.1 3.2 1.9 1.1 2.0 0.6 2.1 1.9 1.7
Unemployment compensation 7.3 5.2 3.6 6.2 4.1 3.4 6.0 9.7 4.8 7.7 5.0 6.5
Workers' compensation 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0 0.1 2.4 1.4 1.0
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 6.8 6.1 14.6 20.8 23.5 25.1 7.0 8.5 36.5 14.8 17.8 29.1
Cash public assistance 4.3 4.3 10.7 11.8 14.0 15.7 3.0 6.6 30.3 8.1 12.2 20.0
Supplemental Security Income 3.9 3.9 10.5 10.2 13.7 15.5 2.8 4.6 30.2 6.7 11.3 19.4
Other 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.9 0.7 1.0 0.2 2.0 0.1 1.7 2.4 1.1
Noncash benefits 4.0 3.1 9.8 15.8 17.8 17.9 4.5 2.8 14.0 10.5 9.6 19.0
Food 3.1 2.3 6.9 11.5 13.0 11.3 2.4 0.9 6.2 8.2 7.6 15.1
Energy 1.1 1.2 2.7 3.4 4.1 5.3 0.6 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.6 3.2
Housing 1.0 0.8 4.9 7.1 7.6 9.8 3.3 2.8 9.5 3.0 3.9 6.3
Personal contributions 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.1 3.2 3.9 4.9 3.2
Number (thousands) 17,213 3,478 3,270 2,020 374 527 897 181 389 1,831 353 604
 
Family Income Sources of Nonmarried Aged Persons Table 2.B5 Percentage with family income from specified source, by sex, marital status, and age, 2008
Source of family income Widowed Divorced Never married
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
Men
Earnings 72.9 44.5 28.4 73.8 55.8 32.5 69.9 48.3 36.8
Wages and salaries 64.5 41.0 26.1 66.8 50.4 27.0 66.2 44.5 33.0
Self-employment 10.8 11.6 3.9 9.8 7.8 7.6 7.6 6.9 5.7
Retirement benefits 41.0 68.2 94.6 26.3 55.5 89.9 32.8 51.1 79.2
Social Security 27.3 59.4 91.0 16.4 45.7 87.3 26.6 40.1 73.4
Benefits other than Social Security 24.0 21.8 48.3 14.3 24.8 34.0 14.1 27.0 29.0
Other public pensions 8.8 12.6 13.4 6.3 9.7 12.3 6.0 11.1 12.3
Railroad Retirement 0 0 0.9 0.3 0 0.7 0.5 0 1.0
Government employee pensions 8.8 12.6 12.5 6.0 9.7 11.7 5.5 11.1 11.3
Military 1.1 3.1 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.4 2.4 0.8
Federal 0.4 6.7 3.8 2.2 3.8 3.1 1.3 3.7 4.3
State or local 7.3 3.1 7.2 2.5 5.1 7.6 4.1 5.0 6.6
Private pensions or annuities 16.8 9.2 36.8 8.2 15.3 22.1 8.8 16.2 17.5
Income from assets 44.9 46.5 53.7 41.9 44.2 46.8 42.0 50.1 54.1
Interest 44.0 43.3 50.6 39.5 40.7 44.1 40.6 48.3 53.1
Other income from assets 13.4 14.8 22.6 14.9 17.9 19.4 17.3 25.7 21.0
Dividends 12.5 13.1 18.4 10.9 14.8 15.7 13.9 21.5 17.7
Rent or royalties 3.4 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.9 6.9
Estates or trusts 0 0 0.8 0.2 0 0 0.2 0 0.8
Veterans' benefits 4.4 7.7 6.2 7.2 5.2 6.3 2.9 7.8 5.9
Unemployment compensation 9.9 3.0 2.7 6.9 3.8 2.5 5.1 3.5 1.7
Workers' compensation 0.1 0 0.7 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.8
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 24.0 16.9 13.3 13.4 15.0 16.6 22.4 17.6 21.3
Cash public assistance 14.1 5.8 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.3 12.7 7.8 4.6
Supplemental Security Income 13.4 5.8 4.3 4.4 5.2 4.2 12.2 7.8 4.1
Other 1.3 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.5
Noncash benefits 17.0 11.8 10.5 11.1 12.4 14.6 16.0 15.4 18.4
Food 13.9 8.0 4.4 7.2 6.7 6.3 10.2 9.9 7.2
Energy 2.8 3.7 3.0 2.3 4.3 4.5 5.0 5.1 4.3
Housing 4.1 3.5 5.4 4.2 4.6 8.2 7.4 5.9 11.7
Personal contributions 1.8 0 1.2 1.4 3.0 1.0 0.8 0 2.5
Number (thousands) 268 116 2,104 1,792 473 1,359 1,066 232 710
Women
Earnings 73.0 56.9 28.5 79.6 70.0 43.1 74.6 57.9 31.4
Wages and salaries 70.8 55.3 27.0 75.5 66.7 40.5 71.1 57.5 29.7
Self-employment 5.1 4.7 2.7 7.4 7.6 5.0 7.5 1.3 3.0
Retirement benefits 39.3 66.4 92.5 25.5 49.5 86.4 33.4 54.3 86.2
Social Security 25.2 60.1 90.2 17.8 40.4 82.5 23.1 44.1 81.0
Benefits other than Social Security 22.1 28.6 36.1 12.3 21.5 33.1 15.1 28.7 37.7
Other public pensions 8.7 10.7 14.2 5.6 12.1 13.7 6.3 16.2 10.0
Railroad Retirement 0 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0 0 0
Government employee pensions 8.7 10.6 13.3 5.4 11.9 13.2 6.3 16.2 10.0
Military 1.7 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0 0 0.3
Federal 3.4 3.3 4.1 1.6 3.7 3.3 1.2 4.5 2.0
State or local 4.0 6.1 8.3 3.4 7.5 9.7 5.1 11.7 7.7
Private pensions or annuities 14.5 18.1 23.9 6.8 9.5 20.5 9.7 12.5 28.2
Income from assets 43.7 44.3 51.2 49.2 52.3 51.1 50.3 44.0 48.8
Interest 41.9 43.2 49.0 47.3 48.3 49.5 48.8 43.2 46.8
Other income from assets 14.3 13.0 17.3 17.2 17.1 17.9 14.3 23.4 20.1
Dividends 9.9 8.8 13.4 13.4 13.2 14.7 11.6 20.9 16.4
Rent or royalties 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.1 6.0 4.8 4.3 4.1 5.7
Estates or trusts 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.4 0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3
Veterans' benefits 2.6 2.8 2.6 1.0 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.3
Unemployment compensation 5.8 4.3 2.0 5.5 3.7 2.2 3.0 3.2 0.7
Workers' compensation 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.4 0.4 1.0 0
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 20.7 20.2 18.2 18.6 19.7 23.4 23.1 22.4 20.8
Cash public assistance 9.3 9.1 6.8 10.1 9.3 9.1 12.2 9.7 10.2
Supplemental Security Income 8.3 8.2 6.3 9.0 8.4 8.4 10.4 9.4 9.3
Other 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.0 0.8 2.7 0.3 0.9
Noncash benefits 17.6 15.9 15.0 15.0 15.5 19.1 18.0 19.1 15.8
Food 12.8 8.9 7.2 11.4 10.4 10.1 12.8 12.4 9.0
Energy 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.9 6.4 6.1 6.2 4.3
Housing 6.9 8.2 7.1 5.9 6.8 10.5 9.0 6.9 8.6
Personal contributions 3.5 2.5 1.8 7.7 5.7 4.2 4.1 1.1 1.0
Number (thousands) 939 520 8,868 2,346 750 2,287 982 282 864
 
Family Income Sources of Persons 65 or Older Table 2.B6 Percentage with family income from specified source, by number of persons in family and quintile of per-capita family total money income, 2008
Source of family income Total First Second Third Fourth Fifth
All persons
Earnings 38.2 19.7 22.3 36.0 49.1 63.6
Wages and salaries 35.1 18.1 20.7 33.9 45.7 57.0
Self-employment 5.9 2.8 2.7 4.0 7.3 12.9
Retirement benefits 91.3 82.1 95.2 95.7 93.5 90.2
Social Security 88.7 79.8 93.9 93.6 90.2 85.9
Benefits other than Social Security 44.0 12.6 30.2 54.1 63.6 59.7
Other public pensions 16.1 3.8 7.6 15.8 24.4 29.1
Railroad Retirement 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.4
Government employee pensions 15.6 3.4 7.1 15.0 23.6 28.8
Military 2.2 0.3 0.7 2.1 3.1 4.7
Federal 4.3 1.0 1.8 4.0 6.8 8.0
State or local 9.9 2.1 4.8 9.3 15.2 18.2
Private pensions or annuities 30.9 9.1 23.7 41.1 44.1 36.4
Income from assets 59.2 28.9 46.6 63.7 72.5 84.3
Interest 57.2 27.1 44.5 61.8 70.0 82.6
Other income from assets 24.8 7.6 12.8 21.5 31.1 51.2
Dividends 20.6 5.8 10.1 17.2 25.8 44.2
Rent or royalties 7.9 2.2 3.5 6.4 9.5 17.8
Estates or trusts 0.2 0 0 0.3 0.2 0.7
Veterans' benefits 4.2 1.9 3.0 5.3 6.3 4.7
Unemployment compensation 2.5 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.2 2.2
Workers' compensation 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 11.7 30.2 15.5 7.3 3.9 1.5
Cash public assistance 4.8 13.6 4.7 2.8 1.9 0.9
Supplemental Security Income 4.5 12.8 4.5 2.6 1.6 0.9
Other 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1
Noncash benefits 9.1 24.8 12.8 5.1 2.2 0.6
Food 4.5 16.2 4.3 1.3 0.6 0.2
Energy 2.8 7.3 4.4 1.8 0.6 0.1
Housing 4.3 10.2 6.9 2.7 1.3 0.5
Personal contributions 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.1
Number (thousands) 37,788 7,555 7,558 7,562 7,555 7,558
Persons in 1-person families
Earnings 16.9 3.1 5.6 13.6 23.9 43.4
Wages and salaries 14.7 2.8 4.9 11.7 20.7 37.9
Self-employment 2.9 0.4 0.8 1.9 4.3 7.7
Retirement benefits 92.4 83.4 97.8 97.1 94.2 89.2
Social Security 89.3 80.6 97.2 94.9 89.4 83.5
Benefits other than Social Security 37.8 7.8 18.1 45.2 64.7 60.8
Other public pensions 14.0 2.9 4.2 12.3 24.5 30.2
Railroad Retirement 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.5 0.2
Government employee pensions 13.3 2.4 3.8 11.2 23.0 30.0
Military 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.7 4.0
Federal 3.7 0.6 1.1 3.0 6.9 8.0
State or local 8.7 1.7 2.6 7.5 14.8 19.6
Private pensions or annuities 25.3 5.0 14.3 33.6 43.2 34.7
Income from assets 51.9 23.3 37.6 58.4 68.9 78.6
Interest 49.7 21.6 36.0 55.7 65.9 76.1
Other income from assets 19.0 5.5 8.8 18.3 24.8 42.5
Dividends 15.3 3.9 6.5 14.1 20.1 36.0
Rent or royalties 5.9 2.0 2.8 5.2 7.2 13.7
Estates or trusts 0.4 0.1 0 0.5 0.2 1.2
Veterans' benefits 3.0 1.3 1.6 2.8 5.2 4.9
Unemployment compensation 0.6 0 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.3
Workers' compensation 0.3 0 0 0.4 0.5 0.6
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 17.6 39.1 24.8 12.1 5.6 2.0
Cash public assistance 4.5 15.0 3.5 1.8 0.5 0.4
Supplemental Security Income 4.3 14.8 3.4 1.6 0.4 0.2
Other 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0 0.2
Noncash benefits 16.2 34.9 23.9 11.3 5.4 1.6
Food 6.3 20.0 6.6 2.0 0.8 0.6
Energy 5.4 10.7 8.7 4.1 1.8 0.3
Housing 9.9 20.6 14.7 6.8 3.4 1.5
Personal contributions 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.9
Number (thousands) 12,382 2,598 2,780 2,437 2,365 2,202
Persons in 2-person families
Earnings 38.6 12.2 18.5 32.6 51.7 68.0
Wages and salaries 34.8 10.5 16.6 30.0 47.5 60.2
Self-employment 6.8 2.0 2.4 3.9 8.6 14.6
Retirement benefits 93.6 84.9 97.2 97.1 95.0 93.0
Social Security 91.4 83.1 96.1 95.4 92.6 89.4
Benefits other than Social Security 50.3 14.4 37.5 63.3 67.8 61.1
Other public pensions 18.3 4.1 9.1 18.4 26.0 29.4
Railroad Retirement 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5
Government employee pensions 17.8 3.5 8.5 17.9 25.5 29.1
Military 2.9 0.3 0.9 2.8 4.2 5.2
Federal 4.8 1.1 1.9 5.0 7.1 7.9
State or local 11.2 2.1 5.8 10.6 16.6 18.1
Private pensions or annuities 36.0 10.5 29.7 49.2 47.9 38.4
Income from assets 65.9 33.3 53.9 70.8 75.7 87.0
Interest 64.0 31.1 51.7 69.2 73.6 85.5
Other income from assets 30.0 9.5 15.8 24.7 35.9 56.1
Dividends 25.3 7.8 13.0 20.1 30.3 48.3
Rent or royalties 9.5 2.2 3.7 7.2 10.8 20.2
Estates or trusts 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.5
Veterans' benefits 5.0 2.3 4.2 6.9 6.9 4.5
Unemployment compensation 2.2 0.7 1.5 2.7 3.5 2.4
Workers' compensation 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.1
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 6.3 20.6 7.6 3.3 2.1 0.8
Cash public assistance 3.2 10.2 3.1 1.5 1.6 0.7
Supplemental Security Income 3.0 9.8 3.1 1.3 1.4 0.7
Other 0.2 0.5 0 0.2 0.2 0
Noncash benefits 4.5 16.4 5.9 2.3 0.4 0.1
Food 2.5 10.6 2.2 0.7 0.2 0
Energy 1.5 5.7 2.0 0.9 0 0
Housing 1.7 5.2 2.8 1.0 0.2 0.1
Personal contributions 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.3
Number (thousands) 19,746 3,435 3,737 3,879 4,074 4,621
Persons in families of 3 or more
Earnings 83.3 65.2 80.4 90.7 93.2 97.1
Wages and salaries 80.9 61.2 77.6 89.3 92.5 94.1
Self-employment 9.7 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.4 17.4
Retirement benefits 81.0 73.6 80.8 88.6 86.5 75.6
Social Security 77.8 70.8 77.4 85.6 83.5 71.3
Benefits other than Social Security 35.9 16.7 36.4 43.0 46.1 47.3
Other public pensions 13.3 4.6 11.7 14.6 18.4 23.8
Railroad Retirement 0.6 0.1 0.7 1.5 0.7 0
Government employee pensions 12.9 4.5 11.1 13.7 17.7 23.8
Military 1.7 0.3 1.1 2.7 2.1 3.1
Federal 3.8 1.2 3.1 2.8 5.8 9.0
State or local 8.0 3.0 6.9 8.7 10.9 14.5
Private pensions or annuities 25.3 12.9 27.3 30.5 32.3 28.6
Income from assets 51.7 28.7 44.3 52.0 68.5 84.4
Interest 50.0 27.6 41.8 50.6 65.7 83.1
Other income from assets 19.5 6.9 12.8 18.0 27.0 46.6
Dividends 15.8 4.5 9.6 14.4 21.1 42.2
Rent or royalties 6.7 2.8 4.4 6.0 9.4 14.8
Estates or trusts 0.2 0 0 0.3 0.1 1.0
Veterans' benefits 4.2 2.0 2.9 5.3 6.3 5.2
Unemployment compensation 7.8 7.7 9.8 9.4 7.2 3.3
Workers' compensation 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.4 0.8
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 17.6 36.8 19.0 10.2 7.2 4.0
Cash public assistance 11.3 18.9 13.7 9.1 5.8 4.0
Supplemental Security Income 10.0 16.2 12.3 8.6 4.9 4.0
Other 1.5 3.5 1.4 0.5 0.9 0
Noncash benefits 9.1 26.3 7.7 1.6 1.6 0
Food 7.6 22.3 5.4 1.5 1.2 0
Energy 1.7 5.1 1.8 0 0 0
Housing 1.3 3.7 1.1 0.1 0.4 0
Personal contributions 4.6 6.0 5.1 3.8 3.6 4.0
Number (thousands) 5,659 1,522 1,041 1,246 1,116 734
NOTE: Per-capita family total money income quintile limits are $11,057, $16,072, $23,357, and $37,605.
Family Income Sources of Persons 65 or Older Table 2.B7 Percentage with family income from specified source, by sex and ratio of family total money income to the poverty threshold, 2008
Source of family income All persons Men Women
Under 1.00 1.00– 1.24 1.25– 1.49 1.50– 1.99 2.00 or more Under 1.00 1.00– 1.24 1.25– 1.49 1.50– 1.99 2.00 or more Under 1.00 1.00– 1.24 1.25– 1.49 1.50– 1.99 2.00 or more
Earnings 10.8 11.9 15.3 19.7 51.2 13.4 12.9 18.2 20.6 52.9 9.6 11.5 13.9 19.2 49.6
Wages and salaries 10.0 10.9 13.6 17.9 47.2 12.3 11.1 15.6 18.3 48.4 9.0 10.8 12.6 17.6 46.1
Self-employment 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.6 8.1 2.1 2.5 3.2 3.3 9.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 2.1 7.1
Retirement benefits 74.2 93.5 94.7 94.7 92.7 68.7 93.2 93.1 94.6 92.3 76.6 93.7 95.5 94.7 93.0
Social Security 71.9 92.0 93.4 92.7 89.6 67.0 91.3 91.7 92.6 89.0 74.0 92.4 94.2 92.7 90.1
Benefits other than Social Security 7.0 13.0 18.9 30.5 58.2 5.4 11.1 14.2 28.5 58.7 7.7 13.9 21.3 31.9 57.8
Other public pensions 2.3 4.2 5.4 8.0 22.3 1.8 2.7 4.8 6.3 21.5 2.4 4.9 5.8 9.2 23.0
Railroad Retirement 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7
Government employee pensions 2.0 3.6 4.9 7.3 21.7 1.5 2.2 4.4 5.8 20.9 2.3 4.3 5.1 8.3 22.4
Military 0.3 0 0.1 0.8 3.2 0.3 0 0.2 0.6 3.5 0.3 0 0.1 0.8 2.9
Federal 0.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 6.0 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 5.8 0.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 6.2
State or local 1.3 2.1 3.1 4.8 13.8 1.2 1.3 3.1 4.0 13.0 1.3 2.5 3.2 5.4 14.5
Private pensions or annuities 4.8 9.1 13.7 23.0 40.5 3.6 8.4 9.6 23.0 41.6 5.4 9.5 15.8 23.1 39.4
Income from assets 23.4 31.3 36.7 48.9 71.9 24.7 27.3 33.8 46.4 72.2 22.8 33.1 38.1 50.6 71.7
Interest 21.8 29.1 34.8 46.7 69.9 23.3 25.2 31.9 44.2 70.0 21.2 30.9 36.3 48.4 69.9
Other income from assets 5.8 7.5 9.8 12.7 33.6 6.6 6.0 9.6 12.2 35.1 5.5 8.2 9.9 13.0 32.2
Dividends 4.3 5.3 7.5 10.2 28.2 5.5 4.0 6.5 10.4 29.6 3.8 6.0 7.9 10.1 26.8
Rent or royalties 1.8 2.3 3.3 3.3 10.8 1.5 2.0 4.0 2.8 11.3 1.9 2.5 2.9 3.6 10.3
Estates or trusts 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 0 0 0.4 0.3
Veterans' benefits 1.5 2.5 1.6 2.9 5.4 1.8 6.2 2.6 3.9 6.1 1.4 0.9 1.1 2.2 4.7
Unemployment compensation 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.9 3.2 0.5 2.2 2.5 1.8 3.2 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.9 3.1
Workers' compensation 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 0 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 34.9 34.2 22.3 14.4 4.2 29.0 34.1 21.4 14.8 3.4 37.4 34.3 22.7 14.2 5.0
Cash public assistance 14.0 11.8 6.3 5.6 2.4 12.1 11.6 5.0 5.8 1.9 14.8 11.9 6.9 5.4 2.9
Supplemental Security Income 13.2 11.5 6.0 5.2 2.2 11.0 11.4 5.0 5.5 1.7 14.1 11.6 6.5 5.0 2.6
Other 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3
Noncash benefits 30.9 30.0 19.3 11.1 2.2 25.3 29.8 18.9 11.0 1.7 33.3 30.0 19.5 11.2 2.6
Food 21.1 15.2 7.3 3.6 0.8 17.9 15.4 8.8 2.9 0.6 22.4 15.1 6.6 4.1 1.0
Energy 8.6 9.8 6.7 3.9 0.6 6.5 8.9 6.6 4.1 0.4 9.5 10.3 6.7 3.7 0.8
Housing 14.5 15.1 9.1 5.3 1.0 11.3 15.0 8.4 5.5 0.8 15.9 15.1 9.4 5.1 1.2
Personal contributions 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.0 1.7
Number (thousands) 3,656 2,362 2,578 5,092 24,100 1,092 745 856 2,004 11,612 2,564 1,617 1,723 3,088 12,488
NOTE: The family money income of aged persons is compared with the official poverty lines of families in 2008.
Family Income Sources of Persons 65 or Older in Beneficiary Families Table 2.B8 Percentage with family income from specified source, by proportion of family income from Social Security and sex, 2008
Source of family income Proportion of family income from Social Security
Less than 50 percent 50–89 percent 90–99 percent 100 percent
All persons Men Women All persons Men Women All persons Men Women All persons Men Women
Earnings 61.0 62.7 59.4 23.1 25.2 21.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 0 0 0
Wages and salaries 56.0 57.1 55.0 20.7 22.4 19.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 0 0 0
Self-employment 10.2 11.7 8.8 3.1 3.7 2.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0
Retirement benefits 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Social Security 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Benefits other than Social Security 61.0 62.2 59.9 59.5 60.7 58.6 16.7 16.2 17.0 0 0 0
Other public pensions 28.0 27.2 28.7 12.0 10.8 12.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0
Railroad Retirement 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0 0 0
Government employee pensions 27.7 27.0 28.2 11.7 10.6 12.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 0 0 0
Military 4.2 4.7 3.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Federal 8.2 7.7 8.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 0.4 0.1 0.5 0 0 0
State or local 17.2 16.7 17.6 8.7 7.8 9.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 0 0 0
Private pensions or annuities 38.4 40.5 36.5 49.9 52.5 48.0 15.1 14.5 15.4 0 0 0
Income from assets 74.2 75.3 73.1 64.9 64.0 65.6 84.0 83.6 84.2 0 0 0
Interest 71.8 72.5 71.0 61.8 61.1 62.3 80.1 79.4 80.5 0 0 0
Other income from assets 37.0 39.5 34.8 24.5 23.9 24.9 18.1 20.0 16.9 0 0 0
Dividends 30.6 33.0 28.4 20.0 19.9 20.2 15.1 17.3 13.8 0 0 0
Rent or royalties 12.9 13.5 12.2 6.3 6.0 6.5 3.7 3.9 3.6 0 0 0
Estates or trusts 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans' benefits 6.4 7.4 5.5 4.9 6.5 3.8 2.5 3.5 1.8 0 0 0
Unemployment compensation 3.8 3.9 3.7 2.2 2.5 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Workers' compensation 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0
Cash public assistance and noncash benefits 5.5 4.1 6.7 12.5 9.7 14.5 15.2 13.0 16.5 20.8 18.4 22.0
Cash public assistance 3.3 2.7 3.9 6.6 5.0 7.7 3.0 2.4 3.3 0 0 0
Supplemental Security Income 3.0 2.4 3.5 6.1 4.7 7.2 2.6 2.4 2.8 0 0 0
Other 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0 0 0
Noncash benefits 3.1 2.0 4.0 9.4 7.0 11.2 14.2 12.1 15.5 20.8 18.4 22.0
Food 1.8 1.1 2.5 4.6 3.4 5.5 4.6 3.4 5.3 9.7 8.9 10.1
Energy 0.8 0.4 1.1 3.3 2.4 4.1 6.0 4.8 6.7 5.8 5.2 6.1
Housing 1.1 0.8 1.4 4.0 2.9 4.9 6.9 6.0 7.4 11.4 9.9 12.2
Personal contributions 1.9 1.2 2.5 1.4 0.9 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 0 0 0
Number (thousands) 15,028 7,093 7,935 9,708 4,126 5,582 3,427 1,283 2,144 5,120 1,775 3,345
NOTE: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.