SSI Annual Statistical Report, 2002

Noninstitutionalized Recipients: Survey of Income and Program Participation

Notes

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is a household survey of the noninstitutionalized resident population of the United States, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The survey was designed to improve the measurement of the economic situation of persons, families, and households in the United States and to provide a tool for managing and evaluating government transfer and service programs.

The 1996 SIPP panel consists of 12 interviews, or waves, each of which gathered 4 months of retrospective data. The sample includes approximately 36,000 households, divided into four rotation groups. The Social Security Administration (SSA) has matched SIPP data to its administrative records. Receipt of Supplemental Security Income payments and the SSI payment amount are based on December 1999 SSA records, and all other characteristics and income amounts are taken from the SIPP. In December 1999, only three of the four SIPP rotation groups were interviewed. However, since rotation groups are assigned randomly, the sample is still nationally representative. SIPP sample weights are used to produce population estimates. The weights have been adjusted to reflect the fact that only three of the four rotation groups were used for the tabulations.

Poverty calculations based on the SIPP use survey-reported family income for 1999, with the survey-reported SSI payment amount replaced by the SSI benefit amount from SSA administrative records. The poverty thresholds are provided in the SIPP and are adjusted for family size and composition. In 1999, the poverty threshold for a one-person family under age 65 was $8,667. For a two-person family aged 65 or older, the poverty threshold was $10,070. For a four-person family with two related children under the age of 18, the poverty threshold was $16,895.

In tabulations of Medicaid coverage for SSI recipients, the SIPP Medicaid variable has been recoded to reflect the fact that the SSI recipients in certain states, sometimes referred to as Section 1634 states, are automatically covered by Medicaid. Thirty-two states and the District of Columbia provide automatic Medicaid coverage for SSI recipients, accounting for approximately 78 percent of all SSI recipients.

SIPP and SSA counts of disabled recipients differ because the SIPP excludes people living in institutions or outside the continental United States. In addition, the match rate between the SIPP and SSA records is not perfect. Furthermore, the SIPP estimates are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error. Standard errors can be used to measure this sampling variability. Various sources of nonsampling error also may be important.

Because the SIPP uses a complex sample design, it is inappropriate to calculate standard errors assuming a simple random sample. Doing so will result in estimated standard errors that are biased downward. Readers interested in information about SIPP variance estimates are referred to the Source and Accuracy Statement for the 1996 Public Use Files from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, available on the SIPP Internet site at www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/sourceac/s&a96_040501.pdf. The source and accuracy statement provides information on direct calculation of standard errors for SIPP estimates. It also provides detailed instructions for calculating standard errors using generalized variance parameters and simplified tables.

Table 34. Household and family characteristics, by age, December 1999
Characteristic	Number				Percentage of all recipients
Characteristic	Total	Under 18	18-64	65 or older	Total	Under 18	18-64	65 or older
All recipients	6,824,567	909,015	4,064,001	1,851,552	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Household type
Family
Married couple present	2,276,049	353,412	1,283,330	639,307	33.4	38.9	31.6	34.5
No married couple, male householder	2,157,575	518,804	1,313,309	325,462	31.6	57.1	32.3	17.6
No married couple, female householder	294,112	36,798	210,255	47,059	4.3	4.0	5.2	2.5
Nonfamily
Male householder	731,337	0	541,010	190,327	10.7	0	13.3	10.3
Female householder	1,321,533	0	678,967	642,566	19.4	0	16.7	34.7
Group quarters	43,961	0	37,130	6,831	0.6	0	0.9	0.4
Ownership status of living quarters
Owned	2,708,848	396,400	1,598,842	713,606	39.7	43.6	39.3	38.5
Not owned	4,115,721	512,615	2,465,159	1,137,947	60.3	56.4	60.7	61.5
Residence in public housing	862,073	83,100	490,922	288,051	12.6	9.1	12.1	15.6
Household receipt of ^a--
Energy assistance	793,057	88,780	514,462	189,815	11.6	9.8	12.7	10.3
Housing assistance	724,427	133,591	431,281	159,555	10.6	14.7	10.6	8.6
Food stamps	3,008,849	345,127	1,965,402	698,320	44.1	38.0	48.4	37.7
Household size
1 person	1,842,548	0	1,083,554	758,994	27.0	0	26.7	41.0
2 persons	1,655,909	76,717	971,370	607,822	24.3	8.4	23.9	32.8
3-4 persons	2,029,674	363,680	1,342,534	323,460	29.7	40.0	33.0	17.5
5 or more persons	1,296,437	468,617	666,543	161,277	19.0	51.6	16.4	8.7
Family size
1 person	2,214,321	24.037	1,346,844	843,440	32.4	2.6	33.1	45.6
2 persons	1,564,472	89,366	903,446	571,660	22.9	9.8	22.2	30.9
3-4 persons	1,859,925	343,404	1,220,252	296,269	27.3	37.8	30.0	16.0
5 or more persons	1,185,851	452,208	593,459	140,184	17.4	49.7	14.6	7.6
Under age 18 in family
None	4,531,424	24,037	2,857,197	1,650,190	66.4	2.6	70.3	89.1
1 person	734,248	163,595	458,790	111,863	10.8	18.0	11.3	6.0
2-3 persons	657,273	231,593	383,020	42,660	9.6	25.5	9.4	2.3
4 persons	758,239	391,241	320,160	46,838	11.1	43.0	7.9	2.5
5 or more persons	143,382	98,548	44,834	0	2.1	10.8	1.1	0
Total household income in 1999 (dollars) ^b
Less than 5,000	168,754	0	129,407	39,347	2.5	0	3.2	2.1
5,000-9,999	2,286,873	89,344	1,335,863	861,666	33.5	9.8	32.9	46.5
10,000-14,999	1,114,305	102,191	627,746	384,368	16.3	11.2	15.4	20.8
15,000-19,999	825,834	230,309	436,438	159,087	12.1	25.3	10.7	8.6
20,000-24,999	520,139	135,379	327,802	56,958	7.6	14.9	8.1	3.1
25,000-29,999	363,509	81,423	234,165	47,921	5.3	9.0	5.8	2.6
30,000-34,999	310,017	61,763	171,836	76,418	4.5	6.8	4.2	4.1
35,000-39,999	199,882	52,039	116,644	31,199	2.9	5.7	2.9	1.7
40,000 or more	1,035,254	156,567	684,100	194,587	15.2	17.2	16.8	10.5
Total family income in 1999 (dollars) ^b
Less than 5,000	144,758	8,242	90,897	45,619	2.1	0.9	2.2	2.5
5,000-9,999	2,319,904	33,435	1,378,388	908,081	34.0	3.7	33.9	49.0
10,000-14,999	1,190,774	70,351	735,454	384,969	17.4	7.7	18.1	20.8
15,000-19,999	681,561	98,187	426,174	157,200	10.0	10.8	10.5	8.5
20,000-24,999	616,150	223,767	355,843	36,540	9.0	24.6	8.8	2.0
25,000-29,999	401,864	157,444	231,387	13,033	5.9	17.3	5.7	0.7
30,000-34,999	282,251	116,778	115,178	50,295	4.1	12.8	2.8	2.7
35,000-39,999	242,872	48,719	147,302	46,851	3.6	5.4	3.6	2.5
40,000 or more	944,435	152,092	583,378	208,965	13.8	16.7	14.4	11.3
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTES: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older. A family is a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together. A household includes related family members and all the unrelated persons, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit or a group of unrelated persons sharing a housing unit as partners is also counted as a household.
a. Individuals may be counted in more than one category.
b. Annual data.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.

Table 35. Personal characteristics, by age, December 1999
Characteristic	Number				Percentage of all recipients
Characteristic	Total	Under 18	18-64	65 or older	Total	Under 18	18-64	65 or older
All recipients	6,824,567	909,015	4,064,001	1,851,552	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Sex
Male	3,014,038	588,407	1,811,860	613,771	44.2	64.7	44.6	33.1
Female	3,810,529	320,607	2,252,141	1,237,781	55.8	35.3	55.4	66.9
Race
White	4,222,698	537,068	2,605,996	1,079,634	61.9	59.1	64.1	58.3
Black	2,033,979	354,785	1,202,192	477,002	29.8	39.0	29.6	25.8
American Indian, Alaska Native	181,198	17,161	126,733	37,304	2.7	1.9	3.1	2.0
Asian, Pacific Islander	386,692	0	129,080	257,612	5.7	0	3.2	13.9
Ethnicity
Hispanic	1,247,806	200,161	573,826	473,819	18.3	22.0	14.1	25.6
Non-Hispanic	5,576,762	708,854	3,490,175	1,377,733	81.7	78.0	85.9	74.4
Relationship to householder
Householder	3,593,927	0	2,271,830	1,322,097	52.7	0	55.9	71.4
Spouse	609,380	0	370,895	238,485	8.9	0	9.1	12.9
Child	1,719,871	742,288	977,583	0	25.2	81.7	24.1	0
Grandchild	135,468	114,904	20,564	0	2.0	12.6	0.5	0
Parent	147,008	0	42,924	104,084	2.2	0	1.1	5.6
Sibling	113,320	0	84,243	29,077	1.7	0	2.1	1.6
Other relative	224,537	25,046	99,466	100,025	3.3	2.8	2.4	5.4
Other nonrelative	281,056	26,777	196,495	57,784	4.1	2.9	4.8	3.1
Years of education
0-8	2,293,601	72,366	1,134,726	1,086,509	33.6	8.0	27.9	58.7
9-11	1,407,910	150,037	972,168	285,705	20.6	16.5	23.9	15.4
12	1,688,769	10,352	1,385,458	292,959	24.7	1.1	34.1	15.8
13-15	585,646	0	463,909	121,737	8.6	0	11.4	6.6
16 or more	172,381	0	107,739	64,642	2.5	0	2.7	3.5
Unknown	676,259	676,259	0	0	9.9	74.4	0	0
Marital status
Married	1,447,570	0	864,059	583,511	21.2	0	21.3	31.5
Widow(ed)	926,653	0	241,347	685,306	13.6	0	5.9	37.0
Divorced or separated	1,422,417	0	1,038,344	384,073	20.8	0	25.5	20.7
Never married	3,027,928	909,015	1,920,251	198,662	44.4	100.0	47.3	10.7
Health insurance ^a
Medicaid	6,582,148	848,549	3,917,851	1,815,748	96.4	93.3	96.4	98.1
Medicare	2,725,193	0	1,230,227	1,494,966	39.9	0	30.3	80.7
Private health insurance	1,028,067	222,991	569,381	235,695	15.1	24.5	14.0	12.7
No health insurance	206,105	83,583	100,204	22,318	3.0	9.2	2.5	1.2
Source of income ^a
Earnings	770,830	53,125	682,183	35,522	11.3	5.8	16.8	1.9
Social Security	2,612,407	71,993	1,314,646	1,225,768	38.3	7.9	32.3	66.2
Other public assistance	5,670,053	200,272	3,747,248	1,722,533	83.1	22.0	92.2	93.0
Property income	1,014,774	60,992	632,992	320,790	14.9	6.7	15.6	17.3
Other sources	3,436,604	5,717	2,029,817	1,401,070	50.4	0.6	49.9	75.7
Total personal income in 1999 (dollars) ^b
Less than 2,500	192,782	43,882	128,241	20,659	2.8	4.8	3.2	1.1
2,500-4,999	898,618	189,108	505,272	204,238	13.2	20.8	12.4	11.0
5,000-7,499	3,443,731	613,127	1,808,570	1,022,034	50.5	67.4	44.5	55.2
7,500-9,999	1,053,066	36,264	640,400	376,402	15.4	4.0	15.8	20.3
10,000-12,499	507,140	7,137	398,743	101,260	7.4	0.8	9.8	5.5
12,500-14,999	240,952	10,565	162,219	68,168	3.5	1.2	4.0	3.7
15,000-17,499	168,003	8,933	139,810	19,260	2.5	1.0	3.4	1.0
17,500-19,999	62,836	0	62,836	0	0.9	0	1.5	0
20,000-22,499	73,374	0	73,374	0	1.1	0	1.8	0
22,500-24,499	52,097	0	43,376	8,721	0.8	0	1.1	0.5
25,000 or more	131,970	0	101,160	30,810	1.9	0	2.5	1.7
Type of child to mother
Natural	1,596,616	716,263	880,353	0	23.4	78.8	21.7	0
Stepchild	162,796	78,846	83,950	0	2.4	8.7	2.1	0
Adopted	15,557	0	15,557	0	0.2	0	0.4	0
Mother not present	5,049,599	113,906	3,084,141	1,851,552	79.0	12.5	75.9	100.0
Type of child to father
Natural	724,233	269,838	454,395	0	10.6	29.7	11.2	0
Stepchild	102,956	65,971	36,985	0	1.5	7.3	0.9	0
Adopted	14,874	0	14,874	0	0.2	0	0.4	0
Father not present	5,982,505	573,206	3,557,747	1,851,552	87.7	63.1	87.5	100.0
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTE: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older.
a. Individuals may be counted in more than one category.
b. Annual data.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.

Table 36. SSI payment as a percentage of recipient's personal income, by selected characteristics, December 1999
Characteristic	Number	Percentage of all recipients	Percentage distribution
Characteristic	Number	Percentage of all recipients	Total	Under 25% of income	25-49% of income	50-74% of income	75-99% of income	100% of income
All recipients	6,824,567	100.0	100.0	20.7	17.8	14.4	14.3	32.9
Age
Under 18	909,015	13.3	100.0	0	0	3.5	6.4	90.2
18-64	4,064,001	59.5	100.0	21.0	17.6	15.8	17.7	28.0
65 or older	1,851,552	27.1	100.0	30.1	27.0	16.7	10.6	15.5
Sex
Male	3,014,038	44.2	100.0	22.5	12.6	11.1	14.5	39.3
Female	3,810,529	55.8	100.0	19.2	21.9	17.0	14.1	27.8
Race
White	4,222,698	61.9	100.0	22.3	19.8	13.3	12.6	31.9
Black	2,033,978	29.8	100.0	19.7	15.6	14.5	15.9	34.4
American Indian, Alaska Native	181,198	2.7	100.0	27.2	9.5	20.1	11.0	32.2
Asian, Pacific Islander	386,692	5.7	100.0	5.3	11.3	22.5	25.7	35.3
Ethnicity
Hispanic	1,247,806	18.3	100.0	21.0	17.7	13.4	14.6	33.2
Non-Hispanic	5,576,762	81.7	100.0	19.1	18.1	18.6	12.8	31.4
Marital status
Married	1,447,570	21.2	100.0	22.0	19.4	15.2	15.0	28.4
Widow(ed)	926,652	13.6	100.0	34.1	24.5	12.5	11.5	17.5
Divorced or separated	1,422,417	20.8	100.0	26.3	21.8	16.8	12.5	22.7
Never married	3,027,927	44.4	100.0	13.3	13.1	13.5	15.6	44.5
Years of education
0-8	2,293,601	33.6	100.0	24.1	23.2	16.3	10.6	25.8
9-11	1,407,910	20.6	100.0	20.3	15.4	16.1	18.7	29.4
12	1,688,770	24.7	100.0	22.8	19.5	13.2	17.1	27.4
13-15	585,647	8.6	100.0	27.1	16.6	19.4	25.3	11.7
16 or more	172,381	2.5	100.0	17.8	22.3	25.2	17.6	17.1
Unknown	676,259	9.9	100.0	0	0	0	0	100.0
Living arrangement
Lives alone	1,842,547	27.0	100.0	30.6	25.1	12.1	12.2	20.0
Lives with relatives	4,595,169	67.3	100.0	16.1	15.0	15.5	14.4	38.9
Lives only with nonrelatives	386,851	5.7	100.0	28.0	15.6	12.1	22.4	21.9
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTE: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.

Table 37. Percentage distribution of family income, by selected characteristics and source, December 1999
Characteristic	Total	Social Security	Supplemental Security Income	Earnings	Other public assistance	Property income	Other
All recipients	100.0	25.5	40.2	21.9	5.2	0.6	6.6
Sex
Male	100.0	22.6	38.4	25.5	4.7	0.7	8.0
Female	100.0	27.7	41.6	19.1	5.6	0.5	5.5
Race
White	100.0	27.0	37.7	21.8	4.8	0.7	7.8
Black	100.0	24.4	42.9	20.5	6.7	0.1	5.3
American Indian, Alaska Native	100.0	30.1	49.8	13.8	1.4	0.3	4.5
Asian, Pacific Islander	100.0	11.8	48.1	33.9	3.3	1.8	1.1
Ethnicity
Hispanic	100.0	24.4	41.6	20.7	5.7	0.8	6.8
Non-Hispanic	100.0	25.7	39.9	22.2	5.1	0.6	6.6
Age
Under 18	100.0	8.1	28.8	40.8	16.7	0.3	5.3
18-64	100.0	22.6	42.4	22.4	4.6	0.8	7.3
65 or older	100.0	40.3	41.0	11.6	1.2	0.3	5.6
Marital status
Married	100.0	26.4	40.6	21.8	3.5	0.3	7.5
Widow(ed)	100.0	41.3	39.8	11.2	2.2	0.3	5.2
Divorced or separated	100.0	29.1	47.7	10.7	5.1	0.8	6.6
Never married	100.0	18.5	36.6	30.5	7.0	0.8	6.6
Years of education
0-8	100.0	33.9	40.1	16.7	2.8	0.4	6.1
9-11	100.0	22.2	44.2	19.9	5.7	0.3	7.8
12	100.0	24.0	42.4	23.6	3.1	0.9	5.9
13-15	100.0	24.6	37.8	26.5	4.8	1.1	5.3
16 or more	100.0	25.2	40.9	15.1	0.6	2.6	15.8
Unknown	100.0	8.5	28.4	37.6	19.3	0.3	5.9
Living arrangement
Lives alone	100.0	36.0	53.0	5.7	0.2	0.3	4.8
Lives with relatives	100.0	21.1	33.4	29.6	7.6	0.1	8.1
Lives only with nonrelatives	100.0	27.2	58.9	7.6	1.0	0.1	5.3
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTE: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.

Table 38. Poverty status, by selected characteristics, December 1999
Characteristic	Total	Income relative to poverty threshold
Characteristic	Total	Under 50%	50-99%	100-124%	125-149%	150-199%	200-299%	300% or more
All recipients	6,824,567	254,914	2,612,973	991,623	689,109	794,318	823,985	657,645
Sex
Male	3,014,039	116,607	994,933	464,237	291,037	423,499	412,170	311,556
Female	3,810,529	138,307	1,618,041	527,386	398,072	370,820	411,814	346,089
Race
White	4,222,697	122,096	1,562,441	606,254	427,304	507,174	517,415	480,013
Black	2,033,978	121,769	884,235	300,232	194,503	240,769	220,345	72,125
American Indian, Alaska Native	181,198	11,049	78,162	17,192	15,132	38,159	17,756	3,748
Asian, Pacific Islander	386,693	0	88,135	67,944	52,170	8,216	68,469	101,759
Ethnicity
Hispanic	1,247,807	75,268	433,609	192,415	139,283	178,637	120,027	108,568
Non-Hispanic	5,576,762	179,646	2,179,365	799,208	549,826	615,682	703,958	549,077
Age
Under 18	909,014	25,883	146,631	168,719	123,003	224,286	186,509	33,983
18-64	4,064,002	189,924	1,587,658	509,226	389,050	464,867	462,470	460,807
65 or older	1,851,552	39,107	878,685	313,679	177,056	105,165	175,006	162,854
Marital status
Married	1,447,570	50,083	513,652	235,609	206,635	143,224	164,869	133,498
Widow(ed)	926,654	26,310	556,611	108,997	42,233	38,396	69,578	84,529
Divorced or separated	1,422,417	66,781	661,888	231,143	171,163	82,289	111,302	97,851
Never married	3,027,927	111,740	880,823	415,874	269,079	530,408	478,236	341,767
Years of education
0-8	2,293,600	70,813	981,858	317,284	206,017	260,776	220,877	235,975
9-11	1,407,912	86,366	629,075	176,909	133,568	164,091	128,389	89,514
12	1,688,770	82,572	687,779	219,710	160,596	138,668	183,666	215,779
13-15	585,647	15,163	169,577	107,490	67,590	66,023	91,301	68,503
16 or more	172,381	0	41,967	35,959	6,157	7,996	48,923	31,379
Unknown	676,259	0	102,718	134,272	115,182	156,764	150,829	16,494
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTE: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.

Table 39. Poverty status before and after SSI payments, by age, December 1999
Income relative to poverty threshold before SSI payments	Total		Income relative to poverty threshold after SSI payments
Income relative to poverty threshold before SSI payments	Number	Percent	Under 50%	50-99%	100-124%	125-149%	150-199%	200-299%	300% or more
All recipients	6,824,567	100.0	3.7	38.3	14.5	10.1	11.6	12.1	9.6
Under 50%	2,064,026	100.0	12.4	77.6	7.2	2.1	0.2	0.6	0
50-99%	2,121,397	100.0	0	47.7	33.3	15.2	3.5	0	0.4
100-124%	601,709	100.0	0	0	22.9	45.8	31.3	0	0
125-149%	405,260	100.0	0	0	0	12.0	79.1	8.9	0
150-199%	528,333	100.0	0	0	0	0	39.0	61.0	0
200-299%	576,184	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	78.8	21.2
300% or more	527,659	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100.0
Under age 18	909,014	100.0	2.9	16.1	18.6	13.5	24.7	20.5	3.7
Under 50%	115,489	100.0	22.4	69.9	7.7	0	0	0	0
50-99%	238,804	100.0	0	27.6	66.9	5.5	0	0	0
100-124%	124,579	100.0	0	0	0	85.6	14.6	0	0
125-149%	156,105	100.0	0	0	0	2.2	90.3	7.5	0
150-199%	119,331	100.0	0	0	0	0	54.7	45.3	0
200-299%	128,368	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	94.0	6.0
300% or more	26,338	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100.0
Aged 18-64	4,064,002	100.0	4.7	39.1	12.5	9.6	11.4	11.4	11.3
Under 50%	1,396,753	100.0	13.6	78.9	4.6	1.8	0.3	0.8	0
50-99%	1,090,851	100.0	0	44.6	33.0	18.6	3.2	0	0
100-124%	354,161	100.0	0	0	23.9	35.8	10.3	0	0
125-149%	213,059	100.0	0	0	0	16.7	76.7	6.6	0
150-199%	292,261	100.0	0	0	0	0	40.8	59.2	0
200-299%	364,461	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	72.4	27.6
300% or more	352,456	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100.0
Aged 65 or older	1,851,552	100.0	2.1	47.5	16.9	9.6	5.7	9.5	8.8
Under 50%	551,784	100.0	7.1	76.0	13.5	3.4	0	0	0
50-99%	791,743	100.0	0	58.0	23.5	13.4	5.0	0	0
100-124%	122,969	100.0	0	0	42.9	34.6	22.5	0	0
125-149%	36,095	100.0	0	0	0	26.6	44.7	28.7	0
150-199%	116,741	100.0	0	0	0	0	18.4	81.6	0
200-299%	83,355	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	83.2	16.8
300% or more	148,865	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100.0
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTE: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.

Table 40. Poverty gap before and after SSI payments, by selected characteristics, December 1999
Characteristic	Aggregate poverty gap (thousands of dollars)		Percentage reduction in poverty gap
Characteristic	Before SSI	After SSI	Percentage reduction in poverty gap
Total	25,724,456	8,962,051	65.2
Age
Under 18	2,563,176	849,874	66.8
18-64	16,789,411	6,124,909	63.5
65 or older	6,371,869	1,987,568	68.8
Sex
Male	10,278,386	3,460,385	66.3
Female	15,446,070	5,501,666	64.4
Race
White	14,239,453	4,705,641	67.0
Black	9,302,018	3,776,638	59.4
American Indian, Alaska Native	689,973	269,395	61.0
Asian, Pacific Islander	1,493,012	210,376	85.9
Ethnicity
Hispanic	4,702,372	1,707,879	65.5
Non-Hispanic	21,022,084	7,254,172	63.7
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, SSA administrative records, matched to U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
NOTES: Individuals receiving SSI benefits in December 1999 are identified using the Social Security Administration's administrative data. The unweighted total sample size is 1,100 SSI recipients: 118 cases aged 17 and under, 604 cases aged 18 to 64, and 378 cases aged 65 or older. When a beneficiary's family income is below the poverty threshold, the difference between the poverty threshold and family income is referred to as the poverty gap. The smallest individual poverty gap is zero if family income is equal to or greater than the poverty threshold. The largest poverty gap is equal to the poverty threshold, for those with no family income at all. The aggregate poverty gap is the sum of the individual poverty gaps for all SSI beneficiaries.
CONTACT: Paul Davies (410) 966-0299 or ssi.asr@ssa.gov.