SSI Annual Statistical Report, 2023

Recipients Who Work

Table 40. Blind and disabled recipients who work, selected months 1976–2023
Month All blind and disabled recipients a Blind and disabled recipients who work
Total Receiving SSI b Section 1619(b) participants Total as a percentage of all blind and disabled recipients
December  
1976 2,088,242 70,719 70,719 . . . 3.4
1977 2,186,771 83,697 83,697 . . . 3.8
1978 2,249,025 87,697 87,697 . . . 3.9
1979 2,277,859 92,270 92,270 . . . 4.1
1980 2,334,241 99,276 99,276 . . . 4.3
1981 2,340,785 102,632 102,632 . . . 4.4
1982 2,314,364 107,803 102,288 5,515 4.7
1983 2,391,262 113,899 108,734 5,165 4.8
1984 2,499,046 -- -- -- --
1985 2,633,552 -- -- -- --
1986 2,795,756 -- -- -- --
1987 2,945,244 172,855 157,223 15,632 5.9
1988 3,046,074 189,144 173,519 15,625 6.2
1989 3,172,270 205,837 187,583 18,254 6.5
1990 3,386,603 219,932 196,415 23,517 6.5
1991 3,681,050 229,619 202,355 27,264 6.2
1992 4,126,816 248,917 217,268 31,649 6.0
1993 4,544,777 265,649 230,350 35,299 5.8
1994 4,870,564 282,476 241,793 40,683 5.8
1995 5,115,014 298,635 251,633 47,002 5.8
1996 5,252,991 308,300 256,395 51,905 5.9
1997 5,189,724 319,855 262,766 57,089 6.2
1998 5,293,829 326,475 266,933 59,542 6.2
1999 5,317,861 340,618 271,353 69,265 6.4
2000 5,395,935 360,427 276,855 83,572 6.7
2001 5,500,481 346,110 269,655 76,455 6.3
2002 5,618,506 340,910 258,733 82,177 6.1
2003 5,740,683 323,682 252,585 71,097 5.6
2004 5,850,359 328,204 254,523 73,681 5.6
2005 5,977,788 336,570 258,365 78,205 5.6
2006 6,113,277 349,420 260,070 89,350 5.7
2007 6,252,564 357,344 259,793 97,551 5.7
2008 6,416,726 355,761 256,280 99,481 5.5
2009 6,582,261 340,175 248,641 91,534 5.2
2010 6,801,164 318,537 245,786 72,751 4.7
2011 6,996,435 312,779 247,011 65,768 4.5
2012 7,174,617 313,655 245,728 67,927 4.4
2013 7,274,177 312,068 244,250 67,818 4.3
2014 7,253,997 314,912 244,679 70,233 4.3
2015 7,228,405 328,008 251,675 76,333 4.5
2016 7,167,151 336,837 256,258 80,579 4.7
2017 7,140,090 342,217 253,327 88,890 4.8
2018 7,054,273 342,046 247,338 94,708 4.8
2019 7,012,277 342,207 240,131 102,076 4.9
2020 6,916,899 292,246 198,951 93,295 4.2
2021 6,679,966 298,987 199,197 99,790 4.5
2022 6,517,646 325,058 211,534 113,524 5.0
2023 6,381,225 324,743 208,059 116,684 5.1
2021  
March 6,861,054 284,470 190,004 94,466 4.1
June 6,804,144 286,992 189,295 97,697 4.2
September 6,761,144 295,387 193,020 102,367 4.4
December 6,679,966 298,987 199,197 99,790 4.5
2022  
March 6,643,235 302,127 196,776 105,351 4.5
June 6,602,735 311,585 200,328 111,257 4.7
September 6,555,413 320,429 206,020 114,409 4.9
December 6,517,646 325,058 211,534 113,524 5.0
2023  
March 6,481,359 323,525 209,314 114,211 5.0
June 6,443,702 326,107 209,274 116,833 5.1
September 6,415,520 328,543 208,600 119,943 5.1
December 6,381,225 324,743 208,059 116,684 5.1
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: . . . = not applicable; -- = not available.
a. Includes section 1619(b) participants.
b. Includes section 1619(a) participants and SSI recipients earning less than the substantial gainful activity level ($1,550 effective January 2024).
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 41. Blind and disabled recipients who work, by state or other area, December 2023
State or area All blind and disabled recipients Recipients who work
Number Percentage of all blind and disabled recipients
All areas 6,381,225 324,743 5.1
Alabama 136,893 4,725 3.5
Alaska 9,439 602 6.4
Arizona 95,567 4,753 5.0
Arkansas 92,606 4,242 4.6
California 784,054 31,342 4.0
Colorado 56,861 3,478 6.1
Connecticut 58,755 3,888 6.6
Delaware 14,892 925 6.2
District of Columbia 20,936 872 4.2
Florida 393,495 16,074 4.1
Georgia 221,992 9,277 4.2
Hawaii 16,130 650 4.0
Idaho 26,957 2,360 8.8
Illinois 213,827 12,010 5.6
Indiana 115,743 7,005 6.1
Iowa 47,342 4,647 9.8
Kansas 42,713 3,660 8.6
Kentucky 146,786 4,565 3.1
Louisiana 148,861 5,900 4.0
Maine 32,130 1,952 6.1
Maryland 99,954 5,744 5.7
Massachusetts 142,952 9,650 6.8
Michigan 232,764 13,359 5.7
Minnesota 79,201 8,406 10.6
Mississippi 99,439 2,872 2.9
Missouri 122,628 7,366 6.0
Montana 14,797 1,570 10.6
Nebraska 26,080 2,463 9.4
Nevada 37,936 2,134 5.6
New Hampshire 15,599 1,496 9.6
New Jersey 130,961 6,685 5.1
New Mexico 48,734 1,896 3.9
New York 458,514 18,253 4.0
North Carolina 200,426 9,534 4.8
North Dakota 7,527 908 12.1
Ohio 276,297 17,823 6.5
Oklahoma 87,560 4,184 4.8
Oregon 74,010 4,504 6.1
Pennsylvania 304,195 17,157 5.6
Rhode Island 27,535 1,433 5.2
South Carolina 98,252 5,003 5.1
South Dakota 12,601 1,364 10.8
Tennessee 151,857 5,326 3.5
Texas 491,004 22,548 4.6
Utah 27,959 2,858 10.2
Vermont 13,237 1,085 8.2
Virginia 131,300 6,878 5.2
Washington 119,693 7,205 6.0
West Virginia 61,515 1,858 3.0
Wisconsin 103,486 9,647 9.3
Wyoming 6,372 569 8.9
Outlying area  
Northern Mariana Islands 861 38 4.4
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: Includes section 1619(b) participants.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 42. Percentage distribution of all blind and disabled recipients and those who work aged 18–64, by diagnostic group, December 2023
Diagnostic group All blind and disabled recipients Recipients who work a
Total  
Number 4,039,318 304,729
Percent 100.0 100.0
Congenital anomalies 1.6 2.4
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1.6 0.8
Infectious and parasitic diseases 0.9 0.7
Injuries 2.3 1.4
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 5.8 11.0
Developmental disorders 1.0 2.1
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 0.2 0.4
Intellectual disorders 19.7 29.8
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 13.3 10.7
Neurocognitive disorders 3.0 3.2
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 8.6 5.6
Other mental disorders 7.3 9.3
Neoplasms 1.2 1.0
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 0.4 0.6
Circulatory system 3.9 1.4
Digestive system 0.8 0.6
Genitourinary system 1.1 0.9
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 14.8 6.6
Nervous system and sense organs b 8.6 8.7
Respiratory system 1.9 0.8
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 0.2 0.2
Other 0.3 0.4
Unknown 1.5 1.3
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
a. Includes section 1619(b) participants.
b. Most disabled recipients classified as blind are included in this category. A few blind recipients with a primary impairment other than diseases of the eye are coded in other categories. Also, a few recipients are classified with diseases of the eye, but their impairment does not meet the definition of blindness.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 43. All blind and disabled recipients, those who work, and section 1619(b) participants aged 18–64, by age, December 2023
Age All blind and disabled recipients a Recipients who work a Section 1619(b) participants
Number Percent Number Percentage of all blind and disabled recipients Number Percentage of all blind and disabled recipients
Total 4,148,143 100.0 304,729 7.3 108,825 2.6
18–21 289,244 7.0 30,603 10.6 5,179 1.8
22–25 292,036 7.0 42,955 14.7 12,794 4.4
26–29 276,659 6.7 40,884 14.8 15,027 5.4
30–39 720,532 17.4 86,114 12.0 33,523 4.7
40–49 662,978 16.0 44,564 6.7 17,899 2.7
50–59 1,108,616 26.7 39,405 3.6 15,845 1.4
60–64 798,078 19.2 20,204 2.5 8,558 1.1
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
a. Includes section 1619(b) participants.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 44. Blind and disabled recipients in December 2022, by program status and earnings in December 2023
Program status in December 2022 Total Receiving payments in December 2023 Not receiving payments in December 2023
Ineligible because of earned income Other excess income Other nonpay
Section 1619(b) Reasons no longer eligible
Section 1619(a) Have earnings No earnings Do not need or use Medicaid Can pay for equivalent coverage Both
All blind and disabled recipients 6,477,130 12,004 185,894 5,603,776 119,665 450 315 236 121,387 433,403
Receiving payments  
Section 1619(a) 14,047 3,426 3,089 2,675 2,743 12 (X) (X) 347 1,745
Have earnings 198,601 2,439 124,362 36,602 10,934 32 (X) (X) 5,263 18,941
No earnings 6,143,668 4,459 52,777 5,550,910 31,219 88 41 37 106,205 397,932
Not receiving payments  
Section 1619(b) 120,814 1,680 5,666 13,589 74,769 318 253 182 9,572 14,785
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 45. Blind and disabled recipients who work, by state or other area, December 2023
State or area Total Section 1619(a) participants Section 1619(b) participants Other blind and disabled recipients who work
Number Percentage of total Number Percentage of total Number Percentage of total
All areas 324,743 12,409 3.8 116,684 35.9 195,650 60.2
Alabama 4,725 195 4.1 1,799 38.1 2,731 57.8
Alaska 602 16 2.7 251 41.7 335 55.6
Arizona 4,753 166 3.5 1,972 41.5 2,615 55.0
Arkansas 4,242 151 3.6 1,298 30.6 2,793 65.8
California 31,342 2,268 7.2 11,021 35.2 18,053 57.6
Colorado 3,478 103 3.0 1,260 36.2 2,115 60.8
Connecticut 3,888 127 3.3 1,307 33.6 2,454 63.1
Delaware 925 59 6.4 323 34.9 543 58.7
District of Columbia 872 44 5.0 444 50.9 384 44.0
Florida 16,074 693 4.3 6,116 38.0 9,265 57.6
Georgia 9,277 366 3.9 3,632 39.2 5,279 56.9
Hawaii 650 26 4.0 291 44.8 333 51.2
Idaho 2,360 71 3.0 890 37.7 1,399 59.3
Illinois 12,010 424 3.5 3,988 33.2 7,598 63.3
Indiana 7,005 226 3.2 2,381 34.0 4,398 62.8
Iowa 4,647 123 2.6 1,441 31.0 3,083 66.3
Kansas 3,660 92 2.5 925 25.3 2,643 72.2
Kentucky 4,565 142 3.1 1,576 34.5 2,847 62.4
Louisiana 5,900 247 4.2 2,032 34.4 3,621 61.4
Maine 1,952 69 3.5 799 40.9 1,084 55.5
Maryland 5,744 255 4.4 2,388 41.6 3,101 54.0
Massachusetts 9,650 302 3.1 3,926 40.7 5,422 56.2
Michigan 13,359 420 3.1 4,998 37.4 7,941 59.4
Minnesota 8,406 204 2.4 2,586 30.8 5,616 66.8
Mississippi 2,872 127 4.4 1,048 36.5 1,697 59.1
Missouri 7,366 178 2.4 2,615 35.5 4,573 62.1
Montana 1,570 34 2.2 448 28.5 1,088 69.3
Nebraska 2,463 59 2.4 682 27.7 1,722 69.9
Nevada 2,134 106 5.0 755 35.4 1,273 59.7
New Hampshire 1,496 41 2.7 613 41.0 842 56.3
New Jersey 6,685 214 3.2 2,270 34.0 4,201 62.8
New Mexico 1,896 83 4.4 663 35.0 1,150 60.7
New York 18,253 742 4.1 7,870 43.1 9,641 52.8
North Carolina 9,534 316 3.3 3,242 34.0 5,976 62.7
North Dakota 908 21 2.3 267 29.4 620 68.3
Ohio 17,823 494 2.8 5,997 33.6 11,332 63.6
Oklahoma 4,184 135 3.2 1,350 32.3 2,699 64.5
Oregon 4,504 161 3.6 1,804 40.1 2,539 56.4
Pennsylvania 17,157 596 3.5 6,056 35.3 10,505 61.2
Rhode Island 1,433 59 4.1 538 37.5 836 58.3
South Carolina 5,003 157 3.1 1,599 32.0 3,247 64.9
South Dakota 1,364 32 2.3 392 28.7 940 68.9
Tennessee 5,326 180 3.4 2,189 41.1 2,957 55.5
Texas 22,548 886 3.9 7,980 35.4 13,682 60.7
Utah 2,858 68 2.4 849 29.7 1,941 67.9
Vermont 1,085 46 4.2 377 34.7 662 61.0
Virginia 6,878 271 3.9 2,584 37.6 4,023 58.5
Washington 7,205 267 3.7 3,073 42.7 3,865 53.6
West Virginia 1,858 71 3.8 725 39.0 1,062 57.2
Wisconsin 9,647 262 2.7 2,885 29.9 6,500 67.4
Wyoming 569 11 1.9 156 27.4 402 70.7
Outlying area  
Northern Mariana Islands 38 3 7.9 13 34.2 22 57.9
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 46. Blind and disabled recipients who work and their average earnings, by selected characteristics, December 2023
Characteristic Number Percent Average earnings (dollars)
Total 324,743 100.0 1,251
Age  
Under 18 3,252 1.0 1,007
18–21 30,603 9.4 1,142
22–25 42,955 13.2 1,196
26–29 40,884 12.6 1,261
30–39 86,114 26.5 1,315
40–49 44,564 13.7 1,336
50–59 39,405 12.1 1,318
60–64 20,204 6.2 1,207
65 or older 16,762 5.2 963
Sex  
Male 182,612 56.2 1,271
Female 142,131 43.8 1,226
Earned income a  
Wages 301,002 92.7 1,307
Self-employment income 25,852 8.0 673
Earnings (dollars)  
65 or less 29,970 9.2 38
66–99 7,502 2.3 82
100–199 20,016 6.2 142
200–299 18,381 5.7 240
300–399 16,330 5.0 338
400–499 15,678 4.8 438
500–599 16,036 4.9 534
600–699 14,108 4.3 636
700–799 12,588 3.9 739
800–899 13,253 4.1 835
900–999 10,879 3.4 938
1,000–1,099 12,807 3.9 1,029
1,100–1,199 8,382 2.6 1,138
1,200–1,299 10,709 3.3 1,231
1,300–1,399 7,411 2.3 1,336
1,400–1,499 6,728 2.1 1,434
1,500–1,599 7,639 2.4 1,527
1,600–1,699 6,195 1.9 1,634
1,700–1,799 5,016 1.5 1,739
1,800–1,899 5,705 1.8 1,830
1,900–1,999 4,777 1.5 1,938
2,000 or more 74,633 23.0 3,098
Unearned income a  
None 208,008 64.1 1,441
Social Security benefits 95,789 29.5 797
Other pensions 2,001 0.6 1,141
Income based on need 225 0.1 1,413
Asset income 1,181 0.4 1,113
Other 22,149 6.8 1,378
Work incentives a  
Section 1619(a) 12,409 3.8 1,796
Section 1619(b) 116,684 35.9 2,288
Plan to achieve self-support (PASS) b 85 (L) 1,373
Impairment-related work expenses (IRWE) 1,734 0.5 1,178
Blind work expenses (BWE) 517 0.2 1,873
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: Includes section 1619(b) participants.
(L) = less than 0.05 percent.
a. The sum of the entries may be greater than the total because some recipients may receive more than one type of earned or unearned income or both earned and unearned income, or they may benefit from more than one work incentive provision.
b. Number of working recipients with a PASS. See Tables 53–56 for data on all recipients with a PASS.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 47. Number of section 1619 participants and percentage change from prior period, selected months 1982–2023
Month Section 1619(a) participants Section 1619(b) participants a
Number Percentage change from prior period Number Percentage change from prior period
December  
1982 287 . . . 5,515 . . .
1983 392 36.6 5,165 -6.3
1984 -- -- -- --
1985 -- -- -- --
1986 -- -- -- --
1987 14,559 . . . 15,632 . . .
1988 19,920 36.8 15,625 b
1989 25,655 28.8 18,254 16.8
1990 13,994 -45.5 23,517 28.8
1991 15,531 11.0 27,264 15.9
1992 17,603 13.3 31,649 16.1
1993 20,028 13.8 35,299 11.5
1994 24,315 21.4 40,683 15.3
1995 28,060 15.4 47,002 15.5
1996 31,085 10.8 51,905 10.4
1997 34,673 11.5 57,089 10.0
1998 37,271 7.5 59,542 4.3
1999 25,528 -31.5 69,265 16.3
2000 27,542 7.9 83,572 20.7
2001 22,100 -19.8 76,455 -8.5
2002 17,271 -21.9 82,177 7.5
2003 17,132 -0.8 71,097 -13.5
2004 17,114 -0.1 73,681 3.6
2005 17,621 3.0 78,205 6.1
2006 17,394 -1.3 89,350 14.3
2007 16,939 -2.6 97,551 9.2
2008 16,142 -4.7 99,481 2.0
2009 11,900 -26.3 91,534 -8.0
2010 11,305 -5.0 72,751 -20.5
2011 11,763 4.1 65,768 -9.6
2012 11,813 0.4 67,927 3.3
2013 12,054 2.0 67,818 -0.2
2014 12,757 5.8 70,233 3.6
2015 13,098 2.7 76,333 8.7
2016 13,480 2.9 80,579 5.6
2017 15,210 12.8 88,890 10.3
2018 14,443 -5.0 94,708 6.5
2019 14,368 -0.5 102,076 7.8
2020 11,049 -23.1 93,295 -8.6
2021 13,020 17.8 99,790 7.0
2022 13,820 6.1 113,524 13.8
2023 12,409 -10.2 116,684 2.8
2021  
March 11,293 2.2 94,466 1.3
June 11,699 3.6 97,697 3.4
September 12,303 5.2 102,367 4.8
December 13,020 5.8 99,790 -2.5
2022  
March 14,104 8.3 105,351 5.6
June 14,979 6.2 111,257 5.6
September 14,993 0.1 114,409 2.8
December 13,820 -7.8 113,524 -0.8
2023  
March 14,471 4.7 114,211 0.6
June 14,857 2.7 116,833 2.3
September 15,297 3.0 119,943 2.7
December 12,409 -18.9 116,684 -2.7
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTES: When the substantial gainful activity (SGA) level is periodically raised, SSI recipients with earnings below the increased SGA level become eligible for regular SSI benefits rather than the special cash payments under section 1619(a). This can lead to decreases in the number of 1619(a) participants.
. . . = not applicable; -- = not available.
a. Includes blind participants. Of the 116,684 participants in December 2023, 1,726 were blind.
b. Between zero and -0.05 percent.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 48. Ranking of state or other area, by section 1619 participants as a percentage of all blind and disabled recipients in state aged 18–64, December 2023
State or area Ranking All blind and disabled recipients a Section 1619 participants
Number Percent
All areas   4,148,143 120,982 2.92
New Hampshire 1 12,322 643 5.22
North Dakota 2 5,441 279 5.13
Minnesota 3 54,381 2,646 4.87
Idaho 4 19,849 924 4.66
South Dakota 5 8,714 399 4.58
Iowa 6 33,849 1,504 4.44
Massachusetts 7 92,549 4,036 4.36
Montana 8 10,520 454 4.32
Utah 9 20,670 878 4.25
Wisconsin 10 71,040 3,007 4.23
Vermont 11 9,985 411 4.12
Washington 12 82,823 3,176 3.83
Nebraska 13 18,861 703 3.73
Delaware 14 9,887 367 3.71
Maryland 15 67,761 2,504 3.70
Alaska 16 6,859 252 3.67
Oregon 17 52,676 1,887 3.58
Connecticut 18 39,013 1,364 3.50
Maine 19 24,160 841 3.48
Wyoming 20 4,835 165 3.41
District of Columbia 21 13,208 437 3.31
Kansas 22 29,717 969 3.26
Colorado 23 39,985 1,291 3.23
Ohio 24 190,272 6,077 3.19
Pennsylvania 25 195,826 6,235 3.18
Michigan 26 160,423 5,056 3.15
Arizona 27 63,641 1,996 3.14
Missouri 28 86,904 2,664 3.07
Rhode Island 29 18,893 573 3.03
Indiana 30 82,252 2,472 3.01
New York 31 270,427 8,081 2.99
Virginia 32 91,223 2,698 2.96
Illinois 33 141,111 4,083 2.89
Nevada 34 28,376 812 2.86
New Jersey 35 81,859 2,318 2.83
Northern Mariana Islands 36 569 16 2.81
Texas 37 301,878 8,339 2.76
Florida 38 232,770 6,356 2.73
Hawaii 39 10,984 290 2.64
Georgia 40 141,652 3,711 2.62
California 41 461,030 11,909 2.58
South Carolina 42 65,770 1,640 2.49
North Carolina 43 136,376 3,346 2.45
Arkansas 44 59,143 1,371 2.32
Oklahoma 45 61,775 1,402 2.27
Louisiana 46 94,265 2,104 2.23
New Mexico 47 32,205 692 2.15
Tennessee 48 105,020 2,224 2.12
Alabama 49 95,038 1,892 1.99
West Virginia 50 44,299 758 1.71
Mississippi 51 65,483 1,103 1.68
Kentucky 52 99,574 1,627 1.63
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
a. Includes section 1619(b) participants.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 49. Section 1619(a) participants and their average earnings, by state or other area, selected months 2022–2023
State or area December 2022 September 2023 December 2023
Number Average earnings (dollars) Number Average earnings (dollars) Number Average earnings (dollars)
All areas 13,820 1,696 15,297 1,700 12,409 1,796
Alabama 191 1,649 239 1,642 195 1,725
Alaska 19 1,599 17 1,664 16 1,726
Arizona 218 1,635 246 1,654 166 1,745
Arkansas 164 1,666 179 1,676 151 1,769
California 2,519 1,839 2,566 1,843 2,268 1,952
Colorado 115 1,643 151 1,660 103 1,751
Connecticut 116 1,668 160 1,682 127 1,741
Delaware 53 1,658 68 1,682 59 1,774
District of Columbia 48 1,678 50 1,648 44 1,803
Florida 697 1,673 869 1,662 693 1,756
Georgia 376 1,649 435 1,669 366 1,740
Hawaii 30 1,719 36 1,725 26 1,847
Idaho 107 1,670 91 1,668 71 1,752
Illinois 470 1,655 502 1,666 424 1,768
Indiana 250 1,674 262 1,690 226 1,769
Iowa 138 1,773 153 1,740 123 1,848
Kansas 119 1,671 99 1,725 92 1,818
Kentucky 153 1,656 178 1,676 142 1,772
Louisiana 274 1,639 337 1,655 247 1,730
Maine 88 1,686 82 1,684 69 1,780
Maryland 259 1,657 308 1,664 255 1,757
Massachusetts 377 1,685 432 1,669 302 1,790
Michigan 530 1,659 571 1,669 420 1,764
Minnesota 270 1,657 290 1,671 204 1,755
Mississippi 127 1,677 131 1,686 127 1,760
Missouri 231 1,682 255 1,671 178 1,749
Montana 30 1,756 38 1,684 34 1,762
Nebraska 71 1,666 83 1,674 59 1,774
Nevada 105 1,648 123 1,701 106 1,758
New Hampshire 43 1,729 49 1,718 41 1,785
New Jersey 242 1,677 222 1,670 214 1,796
New Mexico 94 1,649 99 1,666 83 1,736
New York 826 1,670 899 1,669 742 1,761
North Carolina 293 1,652 368 1,671 316 1,747
North Dakota 26 1,658 25 1,686 21 1,752
Ohio 563 1,668 652 1,673 494 1,755
Oklahoma 120 1,654 131 1,686 135 1,776
Oregon 212 1,653 231 1,671 161 1,766
Pennsylvania 664 1,661 751 1,674 596 1,758
Rhode Island 72 1,656 70 1,664 59 1,711
South Carolina 175 1,660 183 1,665 157 1,756
South Dakota 43 1,687 33 1,698 32 1,823
Tennessee 234 1,643 256 1,659 180 1,743
Texas 921 1,659 1,074 1,670 886 1,752
Utah 79 1,632 94 1,650 68 1,734
Vermont 41 1,671 66 1,756 46 1,842
Virginia 305 1,659 343 1,684 271 1,774
Washington 329 1,655 372 1,664 267 1,770
West Virginia 72 1,661 91 1,665 71 1,769
Wisconsin 303 1,671 323 1,677 262 1,765
Wyoming 15 1,652 (X) (X) 11 1,759
Outlying area  
Northern Mariana Islands 3 1,713 (X) (X) 3 1,580
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 50. Section 1619(b) participants and their average earnings, by state or other area, selected months 2022–2023
State or area December 2022 September 2023 December 2023
Number Average earnings (dollars) Number Average earnings (dollars) Number Average earnings (dollars)
All areas 113,524 2,120 119,943 2,242 116,684 2,288
Alabama 1,703 2,076 1,835 2,205 1,799 2,275
Alaska a 273 2,201 275 2,283 251 2,390
Arizona 1,839 2,195 1,988 2,301 1,972 2,353
Arkansas 1,260 2,003 1,337 2,134 1,298 2,138
California 11,273 2,534 11,321 2,682 11,021 2,722
Colorado 1,247 2,005 1,294 2,107 1,260 2,225
Connecticut a 1,214 2,084 1,309 2,179 1,307 2,231
Delaware 288 2,027 333 2,390 323 2,439
District of Columbia 411 2,588 447 2,709 444 2,716
Florida 5,544 2,022 6,354 2,177 6,116 2,229
Georgia 3,341 2,106 3,672 2,240 3,632 2,285
Hawaii a 283 2,447 304 2,494 291 2,516
Idaho a 921 1,947 911 2,040 890 2,073
Illinois a 3,927 2,124 4,116 2,263 3,988 2,327
Indiana a 2,350 1,958 2,480 2,070 2,381 2,108
Iowa 1,500 1,762 1,508 1,844 1,441 1,887
Kansas a 945 1,841 990 1,830 925 1,875
Kentucky 1,611 2,081 1,670 2,193 1,576 2,249
Louisiana 1,846 1,880 1,993 2,066 2,032 2,096
Maine 838 2,139 785 2,261 799 2,272
Maryland 2,065 2,301 2,373 2,428 2,388 2,474
Massachusetts 3,846 2,302 4,070 2,403 3,926 2,438
Michigan 4,900 2,062 5,196 2,201 4,998 2,238
Minnesota a 2,697 1,931 2,627 2,048 2,586 2,096
Mississippi 1,023 2,125 1,091 2,290 1,048 2,308
Missouri a 2,567 1,731 2,719 1,871 2,615 1,911
Montana 450 1,931 462 2,081 448 2,053
Nebraska a 693 1,715 723 1,863 682 1,904
Nevada a 718 2,292 781 2,419 755 2,457
New Hampshire a 634 1,984 655 2,110 613 2,164
New Jersey 2,224 2,167 2,344 2,253 2,270 2,302
New Mexico 644 1,973 696 2,128 663 2,176
New York 7,874 2,335 8,093 2,438 7,870 2,492
North Carolina 3,145 1,991 3,394 2,059 3,242 2,121
North Dakota a 297 1,820 291 1,783 267 1,845
Ohio a 5,887 1,942 6,118 2,063 5,997 2,111
Oklahoma a 1,259 1,740 1,382 1,803 1,350 1,840
Oregon a 1,849 2,109 1,903 2,236 1,804 2,277
Pennsylvania 5,823 2,163 6,178 2,304 6,056 2,360
Rhode Island 477 2,172 518 2,258 538 2,233
South Carolina 1,484 2,026 1,646 2,150 1,599 2,199
South Dakota 409 1,641 413 1,827 392 1,831
Tennessee 2,066 2,032 2,229 2,167 2,189 2,200
Texas 7,499 2,101 8,226 2,213 7,980 2,270
Utah a 854 1,847 902 1,998 849 2,032
Vermont 381 1,876 388 1,982 377 1,989
Virginia a 2,299 2,040 2,548 2,188 2,584 2,213
Washington 3,107 2,395 3,180 2,494 3,073 2,524
West Virginia 638 2,100 716 2,186 725 2,271
Wisconsin 2,909 1,856 2,983 1,995 2,885 2,029
Wyoming 180 1,897 (X) (X) 156 1,928
Outlying area  
Northern Mariana Islands 12 2,486 (X) (X) 13 2,551
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
a. The Social Security Administration identifies persons as potential participants; the state makes final Medicaid determinations.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 51. Section 1619 participants and their average earnings, by selected characteristics, December 2023
Characteristic Section 1619(a) participants Section 1619(b) participants
Number Percent Average earnings (dollars) Number Percent Average earnings (dollars)
All participants 12,409 100.0 1,796 116,684 100.0 2,288
Age  
Under 18 96 0.8 1,731 533 0.5 --
18–21 1,259 10.1 1,839 5,179 4.4 2,367
22–25 1,804 14.5 1,759 12,794 11.0 2,270
26–29 1,564 12.6 1,779 15,027 12.9 2,291
30–39 3,456 27.9 1,791 33,523 28.7 2,365
40–49 1,860 15.0 1,801 17,899 15.3 2,362
50–59 1,641 13.2 1,806 15,845 13.6 2,337
60–64 573 4.6 1,836 8,558 7.3 2,125
65 or older 156 1.3 1,859 7,326 6.3 1,778
Sex  
Male 6,732 54.3 1,804 65,709 56.3 2,354
Female 5,677 45.7 1,787 50,975 43.7 2,203
Earned income a  
Wages 12,154 97.9 1,796 113,249 97.1 2,313
Self-employment income 371 3.0 1,783 4,701 4.0 1,826
Earnings (dollars)  
Less than 400 . . . . . . . . . 3,373 2.9 265
400–499 . . . . . . . . . 2,101 1.8 440
500–599 . . . . . . . . . 2,801 2.4 538
600–699 . . . . . . . . . 3,110 2.7 639
700–799 . . . . . . . . . 3,278 2.8 740
800–899 . . . . . . . . . 3,602 3.1 835
900–999 . . . . . . . . . 3,158 2.7 937
1,000–1,099 . . . . . . . . . 3,719 3.2 1,029
1,100–1,199 . . . . . . . . . 2,575 2.2 1,139
1,200–1,299 . . . . . . . . . 3,116 2.7 1,231
1,300–1,399 . . . . . . . . . 2,419 2.1 1,338
1,400–1,499 . . . . . . . . . 2,329 2.0 1,435
1,500–1,599 1,136 9.2 1,574 2,659 2.3 1,527
1,600–1,699 3,320 26.8 1,633 2,272 1.9 1,635
1,700–1,799 2,535 20.4 1,738 2,049 1.8 1,740
1,800–1,899 2,700 21.8 1,830 2,506 2.1 1,830
1,900–1,999 1,389 11.2 1,926 3,042 2.6 1,944
2,000 or more 1,329 10.7 2,296 68,575 58.8 3,124
Unearned income a  
None 11,794 95.0 1,796 63,735 54.6 2,926
Social Security benefits 141 1.1 1,814 45,237 38.8 1,330
Other pensions 25 0.2 1,764 768 0.7 2,138
Income based on need 3 (L) 1,826 94 0.1 2,196
Asset income 43 0.3 1,797 385 0.3 2,287
Other 411 3.3 1,777 8,871 7.6 2,344
Work incentives a  
Plan to achieve self-support (PASS) b 33 0.3 2,559 0 0.0 0
Impairment-related work expenses (IRWE) 126 1.0 1,903 530 0.5 2,268
Blind work expenses (BWE) 0 0.0 0 173 0.1 2,927
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: -- = not available; . . . = not applicable; (L) = less than 0.05 percent.
a. The sum of the entries may be greater than the total because some recipients may receive more than one type of earned or unearned income or both earned and unearned income, or they may benefit from more than one work incentive provision.
b. Includes persons with a PASS that excludes only resources.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 52. Percentage distribution of section 1619 participants aged 18–64, by diagnostic group, December 2023
Diagnostic group All blind and disabled recipients Section 1619(a) participants Section 1619(b) participants
Total  
Number 4,039,318 12,157 108,825
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0
Congenital anomalies 1.6 0.9 1.1
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1.6 1.0 1.1
Infectious and parasitic diseases 0.9 0.8 1.0
Injuries 2.3 1.4 1.9
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 5.8 9.5 7.5
Developmental disorders 1.0 2.6 1.8
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 0.2 0.5 0.3
Intellectual disorders 19.7 26.1 23.5
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 13.3 13.3 13.5
Neurocognitive disorders 3.0 3.3 3.5
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 8.6 6.7 6.4
Other mental disorders 7.3 11.2 9.6
Neoplasms 1.2 0.8 1.3
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 0.4 0.7 0.9
Circulatory system 3.9 1.5 1.9
Digestive system 0.8 0.5 0.8
Genitourinary system 1.1 1.1 1.3
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 14.8 6.7 8.9
Nervous system and sense organs a 8.6 8.4 10.7
Respiratory system 1.9 0.7 1.0
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 0.2 0.2 0.3
Other 0.3 0.4 0.4
Unknown 1.5 1.6 1.4
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
a. Most disabled recipients classified as blind are included in this category. A few blind recipients with a primary impairment other than diseases of the eye are coded in other categories. Also, a few recipients are classified with diseases of the eye, but their impairment does not meet the definition of blindness.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 53. Recipients benefiting from specified work incentives, by state or other area and provision, December 2023
State or area Plan to achieve self-support (PASS) a Impairment-related work expenses (IRWE) Blind work expenses (BWE)
All areas 240 1,734 517
Alabama (X) 36 3
Alaska 0 (X) 0
Arizona 4 17 11
Arkansas 0 22 10
California 39 88 73
Colorado 0 (X) (X)
Connecticut 0 15 (X)
Delaware 0 5 (X)
District of Columbia 0 (X) (X)
Florida 5 171 34
Georgia 6 100 12
Hawaii 6 4 (X)
Idaho 0 9 3
Illinois 5 55 17
Indiana (X) 34 11
Iowa 39 7 4
Kansas 8 68 6
Kentucky 3 25 9
Louisiana (X) 14 7
Maine 4 0 0
Maryland (X) 33 10
Massachusetts 6 50 25
Michigan (X) 44 9
Minnesota (X) 19 12
Mississippi (X) 8 9
Missouri 14 32 9
Montana (X) 11 0
Nebraska 8 5 3
Nevada (X) 12 3
New Hampshire (X) (X) 0
New Jersey (X) 53 9
New Mexico 0 3 (X)
New York 22 89 42
North Carolina 4 71 17
North Dakota 0 4 (X)
Ohio 3 37 21
Oklahoma 0 23 8
Oregon (X) 9 11
Pennsylvania (X) 56 13
Rhode Island 0 7 0
South Carolina 0 17 (X)
South Dakota 3 5 (X)
Tennessee (X) 28 13
Texas 19 289 47
Utah (X) 13 3
Vermont 3 (X) 0
Virginia 0 68 10
Washington 3 27 12
West Virginia 0 4 (X)
Wisconsin 4 33 10
Wyoming 0 3 0
Outlying area  
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
a. Includes 59 persons with a PASS that excludes only resources.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 54. Recipients benefiting from specified work incentives, by selected characteristics and provision, December 2023
Characteristic Plan to achieve self-support (PASS) a Impairment-related work expenses (IRWE) Blind work expenses (BWE)
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total 240 100.0 1,734 100.0 517 100.0
Age  
Under 18 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0
18–21 14 5.8 114 6.6 14 2.7
22–25 26 10.8 310 17.9 61 11.8
26–29 23 9.6 285 16.4 68 13.2
30–39 53 22.1 512 29.5 164 31.7
40–49 45 18.8 197 11.4 101 19.5
50–59 50 20.8 165 9.5 63 12.2
60–64 23 9.6 95 5.5 19 3.7
65 or older 6 2.5 52 3.0 27 5.2
Sex  
Male 111 46.3 1,053 60.7 279 54.0
Female 129 53.8 681 39.3 238 46.0
Earned income b  
Wages 83 34.6 1,659 95.7 504 97.5
Self-employment income 16 6.7 85 4.9 19 3.7
Earnings (dollars)  
None 144 60.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
65 or less (X) (X) 177 10.2 25 4.8
66–99 (X) (X) 28 1.6 9 1.7
100–199 6 2.5 84 4.8 19 3.7
200–299 6 2.5 86 5.0 18 3.5
300–399 (X) (X) 86 5.0 19 3.7
400–499 3 1.3 110 6.3 18 3.5
500–599 5 2.1 96 5.5 13 2.5
600–699 5 2.1 93 5.4 20 3.9
700–799 (X) (X) 88 5.1 15 2.9
800–899 7 2.9 74 4.3 15 2.9
900–999 3 1.3 74 4.3 12 2.3
1,000–1,099 4 1.7 59 3.4 22 4.3
1,100–1,199 9 3.8 47 2.7 13 2.5
1,200–1,299 5 2.1 58 3.3 15 2.9
1,300–1,399 0 0.0 42 2.4 7 1.4
1,400–1,499 (X) (X) 45 2.6 17 3.3
1,500–1,599 (X) (X) 36 2.1 20 3.9
1,600–1,699 3 1.3 31 1.8 12 2.3
1,700–1,799 (X) (X) 21 1.2 8 1.5
1,800–1,899 (X) (X) 43 2.5 9 1.7
1,900–1,999 3 1.3 21 1.2 11 2.1
2,000 or more 23 9.6 335 19.3 200 38.7
Unearned income b  
None 85 35.4 1,061 61.2 335 64.8
Social Security benefits 147 61.3 551 31.8 157 30.4
Other pensions 3 1.3 15 0.9 3 0.6
Income based on need 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Asset income (X) (X) 13 0.7 4 0.8
Other 11 4.6 119 6.9 26 5.0
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
a. Includes 59 persons with a PASS that excludes only resources.
b. The sum of the entries may be greater than the total because some recipients may receive more than one type of earned or unearned income or both earned and unearned income.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 55. Percentage distribution of recipients benefiting from specified work incentives, by diagnostic group and provision, December 2023
Diagnostic group All blind and disabled recipients aged 18–64 Plan to achieve self-support (PASS) a Impairment-related work expenses (IRWE) Blind work expenses (BWE)
Total  
Number 4,039,318 240 1,734 517
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Congenital anomalies 1.6 (X) 3.6 (X)
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 1.6 2.5 0.9 (X)
Infectious and parasitic diseases 0.9 (X) 0.5 (X)
Injuries 2.3 2.9 2.0 0.0
Mental disorders  
Autism spectrum disorders 5.8 8.3 18.2 (X)
Developmental disorders 1.0 0.0 1.4 (X)
Childhood and adolescent disorders not elsewhere classified 0.2 (X) 0.3 0.0
Intellectual disorders 19.7 5.8 29.8 1.2
Depressive, bipolar, and related disorders 13.3 22.1 6.6 (X)
Neurocognitive disorders 3.0 2.5 3.7 0.0
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 8.6 12.1 3.9 0.0
Other mental disorders 7.3 11.7 5.2 0.0
Neoplasms 1.2 (X) 1.0 0.0
Diseases of the—  
Blood and blood-forming organs 0.4 (X) 0.3 0.0
Circulatory system 3.9 3.3 1.2 (X)
Digestive system 0.8 (X) 0.5 0.0
Genitourinary system 1.1 (X) 0.8 0.2
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 14.8 10.0 6.2 0.0
Nervous system and sense organs b 8.6 10.8 12.2 94.6
Respiratory system 1.9 (X) 0.7 0.0
Skin and subcutaneous tissue 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0
Unknown 1.5 (X) 0.7 (X)
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
a. Includes 59 persons with a PASS that excludes only resources.
b. Most disabled recipients classified as blind are included in this category. A few blind recipients with a primary impairment other than diseases of the eye are coded in other categories. Also, a few recipients are classified with diseases of the eye, but their impairment does not meet the definition of blindness.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 56. Percentage distribution of recipients with income excluded under specified work incentives, by amount excluded and provision, December 2023
Amount excluded (dollars) Plan to achieve self-support (PASS) a Impairment-related work expenses (IRWE) Blind work expenses (BWE)
Total  
Number 181 1,734 517
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 25 0.0 18.5 10.8
25–49 0.0 13.1 8.3
50–99 (X) 24.3 13.3
100–199 1.7 23.7 17.0
200–299 2.2 9.4 11.2
300–399 (X) 3.6 9.1
400–499 2.2 3.1 5.6
500–599 2.8 1.0 5.4
600–699 3.9 0.7 4.1
700–799 3.3 0.6 2.7
800–899 7.2 0.8 1.7
900–999 5.0 (X) 2.1
1,000–1,099 12.2 (X) (X)
1,100–1,199 3.9 (X) 1.2
1,200–1,299 8.8 (X) (X)
1,300–1,399 3.3 0.0 (X)
1,400–1,499 2.2 (X) (X)
1,500 or more 38.1 (X) 4.8
SOURCE: Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data.
NOTE: (X) = suppressed to avoid disclosing information about particular individuals.
a. Data do not include plans to achieve self-support that exclude only resources.
CONTACT: statistics@ssa.gov.