Annual Statistical Supplement, 2018

Program Provisions and SSA Administrative Data

Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance

Benefit Computation and Automatic Adjustments

Table 2.A8 Factors for indexing earnings, 1951–2018
Year Annual maximum taxable earnings (dollars) Average annual wage a (dollars) Factors for workers who were first eligible (attained age 62, became disabled, or died) in b—
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
1951 3,600 2,799.16 11.7613570 11.8793102 12.1697045 12.7354456 13.2014390 13.8082175 14.4348590 14.7669194 14.5442240 14.8879771 15.3544671 15.8339180 16.0362966 16.6055245 17.1832371 17.3774097
1952 3,600 2,973.32 11.0724443 11.1834885 11.4568731 11.9894764 12.4281746 12.9994114 13.5893479 13.9019581 13.6923069 14.0159250 14.4550906 14.9064581 15.0969825 15.6328683 16.1767418 16.3595408
1953 3,600 3,139.44 10.4865581 10.5917265 10.8506453 11.3550665 11.7705514 12.3115619 12.8702826 13.1663513 12.9677936 13.2742878 13.6902155 14.1176993 14.2981423 14.8056723 15.3207674 15.4938938
1954 3,600 3,155.64 10.4327236 10.5373522 10.7949418 11.2967734 11.7101254 12.2483585 12.8042109 13.0987597 12.9012213 13.2061420 13.6199345 14.0452238 14.2247405 14.7296650 15.2421157 15.4143533
1955 4,200 3,301.44 9.9719880 10.0719959 10.3182096 10.7978791 11.1929764 11.7074398 12.2387443 12.5202851 12.3314705 12.6229251 13.0184435 13.4249509 13.5965397 14.0791655 14.5689850 14.7336162
1956 4,200 3,532.36 9.3200919 9.4135620 9.6436801 10.0919923 10.4612610 10.9420925 11.4386642 11.7017999 11.5253287 11.7977301 12.1673923 12.5473253 12.7076968 13.1587720 13.6165708 13.7704396
1957 4,200 3,641.72 9.0402118 9.1308750 9.3540827 9.7889322 10.1471118 10.6135041 11.0951638 11.3503976 11.1792258 11.4434471 11.8020084 12.1705321 12.3260877 12.7636172 13.2076684 13.3569165
1958 4,200 3,673.80 8.9612717 9.0511432 9.2724019 9.7034542 10.0585062 10.5208258 10.9982797 11.2512848 11.0816076 11.3435217 11.6989520 12.0642577 12.2184550 12.6521640 13.0923376 13.2402825
1959 4,800 3,855.80 8.5382852 8.6239146 8.8347295 9.2454354 9.5837284 10.0242258 10.4791431 10.7202059 10.5585378 10.8080891 11.1467426 11.4948052 11.6417242 12.0549614 12.4743581 12.6153198
1960 4,800 4,007.12 8.2158558 8.2982516 8.5011055 8.8963021 9.2218202 9.6456832 10.0834215 10.3153811 10.1598180 10.3999456 10.7258106 11.0607294 11.2021003 11.5997325 12.0032916 12.1389302
1961 4,800 4,086.76 8.0557508 8.1365409 8.3354418 8.7229370 9.0421116 9.4577147 9.8869226 10.1143620 9.9618304 10.1972785 10.5167933 10.8451854 10.9838013 11.3736848 11.7693797 11.9023750
1962 4,800 4,291.40 7.6716037 7.7485413 7.9379573 8.3069744 8.6109288 9.0067134 9.4154542 9.6320478 9.4867899 9.7110104 10.0152887 10.3280212 10.4600270 10.8313185 11.2081442 11.3347975
1963 4,800 4,396.64 7.4879726 7.5630686 7.7479507 8.1081348 8.4048137 8.7911246 9.1900815 9.4014907 9.2597097 9.4785632 9.7755582 10.0808049 10.2096510 10.5720550 10.9398609 11.0634826
1964 4,800 4,576.32 7.1939724 7.2661199 7.4437430 7.7897852 8.0748156 8.4459588 8.8292515 9.0323601 8.8961458 9.1064065 9.3917405 9.6850024 9.8087896 10.1569645 10.5103293 10.6290972
1965 4,800 4,658.72 7.0667308 7.1376022 7.3120836 7.6520053 7.9319942 8.2965729 8.6730862 8.8726023 8.7387974 8.9453391 9.2256264 9.5137012 9.6352990 9.9773157 10.3244303 10.4410976
1966 6,600 4,938.36 6.6665695 6.7334277 6.8980289 7.2187022 7.4828364 7.8267704 8.1819632 8.3701816 8.2439535 8.4387995 8.7032152 8.9749775 9.0896897 9.4123393 9.7397982 9.8498591
1967 6,600 5,213.44 6.3148171 6.3781476 6.5340639 6.8378173 7.0880148 7.4138016 7.7502532 7.9285405 7.8089726 7.9935379 8.2440020 8.5014252 8.6100847 8.9157102 9.2258912 9.3301448
1968 7,800 5,571.76 5.9087111 5.9679688 6.1138581 6.3980771 6.6321844 6.9370199 7.2518342 7.4186559 7.3067774 7.4794733 7.7138301 7.9546983 8.0563700 8.3423407 8.6325739 8.7301230
1969 7,800 5,893.76 5.5858942 5.6419145 5.7798332 6.0485242 6.2698413 6.5580224 6.8556371 7.0133446 6.9075785 7.0708393 7.2923923 7.5201009 7.6162178 7.8865648 8.1609414 8.2531610
1970 7,800 6,186.24 5.3217981 5.3751697 5.5065678 5.7625553 5.9734087 6.2479648 6.5315086 6.6817598 6.5809943 6.7365362 6.9476144 7.1645571 7.2561297 7.5136949 7.7750993 7.8629588
1971 7,800 6,497.08 5.0671871 5.1180053 5.2431169 5.4868572 5.6876227 5.9490433 6.2190215 6.3620842 6.2661396 6.4142399 6.6152195 6.8217830 6.9089745 7.1542170 7.4031149 7.4867710
1972 9,000 7,133.80 4.6149205 4.6612030 4.7751479 4.9971334 5.1799798 5.4180675 5.6639491 5.7942429 5.7068617 5.8417435 6.0247848 6.2129118 6.2923211 6.5156747 6.7423575 6.8185469
1973 10,800 7,580.16 4.3431695 4.3867267 4.4939619 4.7028757 4.8749551 5.0990230 5.3304257 5.4530472 5.3708114 5.4977507 5.6700136 5.8470626 5.9217958 6.1319972 6.3453318 6.4170347
1974 13,200 8,030.76 4.0994775 4.1405907 4.2418090 4.4390008 4.6014250 4.8129206 5.0313395 5.1470807 5.0694592 5.1892760 5.3518733 5.5189882 5.5895283 5.7879354 5.9892999 6.0569797
1975 14,100 8,630.92 3.8144161 3.8526704 3.9468504 4.1303303 4.2814601 4.4782491 4.6814801 4.7891731 4.7169491 4.8284343 4.9797252 5.1352197 5.2008546 5.3854653 5.5728277 5.6358013
1976 15,300 9,226.48 3.5681994 3.6039844 3.6920852 3.8637216 4.0050962 4.1891827 4.3792952 4.4800368 4.4124747 4.5167637 4.6582890 4.8037464 4.8651447 5.0378389 5.2131073 5.2720160
1977 16,500 9,779.44 3.3664423 3.4002039 3.4833232 3.6452547 3.7786356 3.9523132 4.1316763 4.2267216 4.1629797 4.2613718 4.3948948 4.5321276 4.5900542 4.7529838 4.9183420 4.9739198
1978 17,700 10,556.03 3.1187786 3.1500564 3.2270607 3.3770793 3.5006475 3.6615479 3.8277155 3.9157685 3.8567160 3.9478696 4.0715695 4.1987063 4.2523714 4.4033145 4.5565075 4.6079966
1979 22,900 11,479.46 2.8678980 2.8966598 2.9674697 3.1054205 3.2190486 3.3670059 3.5198067 3.6007765 3.5464743 3.6302953 3.7440446 3.8609543 3.9103024 4.0491034 4.1899732 4.2373204
1980 25,900 12,513.46 2.6309206 2.6573058 2.7222647 2.8488164 2.9530554 3.0887868 3.2289615 3.3032407 3.2534255 3.3303203 3.4346703 3.5419197 3.5871901 3.7145218 3.8437514 3.8871863
1981 29,700 13,773.10 2.3903057 2.4142778 2.4732958 2.5882735 2.6829791 2.8062971 2.9336518 3.0011377 2.9558785 3.0257408 3.1205473 3.2179880 3.2591181 3.3748045 3.4922153 3.5316777
1982 32,400 14,531.34 2.2655805 2.2883017 2.3442401 2.4532184 2.5429823 2.6598655 2.7805750 2.8445395 2.8016418 2.8678587 2.9577183 3.0500745 3.0890585 3.1987084 3.3099927 3.3473960
1983 35,700 15,239.24 2.1603387 2.1820045 2.2353444 2.3392604 2.4248545 2.5363082 2.6514104 2.7124036 2.6714987 2.7346397 2.8203250 2.9083911 2.9455642 3.0501206 3.1562355 3.1919013
1984 37,800 16,135.07 2.0403952 2.0608581 2.1112366 2.2093830 2.2902250 2.3954907 2.5042023 2.5618092 2.5231753 2.5828106 2.6637387 2.7469153 2.7820245 2.8807759 2.9809992 3.0146848
1985 39,600 16,822.51 1.9570159 1.9766426 2.0249624 2.1190982 2.1966365 2.2976007 2.4018699 2.4571226 2.4200675 2.4772659 2.5548869 2.6346645 2.6683390 2.7630550 2.8591827 2.8914918
1986 42,000 17,321.82 1.9006040 1.9196649 1.9665918 2.0580141 2.1333174 2.2313712 2.3326348 2.3862949 2.3503079 2.4058575 2.4812410 2.5587190 2.5914228 2.6834086 2.7767654 2.8081431
1987 43,800 18,426.51 1.7866606 1.8045788 1.8486925 1.9346339 2.0054226 2.0975980 2.1927907 2.2432338 2.2094043 2.2616236 2.3324878 2.4053209 2.4360641 2.5225352 2.6102952 2.6397918
1988 45,000 19,334.04 1.7027957 1.7198728 1.7619158 1.8438231 1.9112891 1.9991378 2.0898622 2.1379375 2.1056960 2.1554641 2.2230020 2.2924164 2.3217165 2.4041287 2.4877692 2.5158813
1989 48,000 20,099.55 1.6379431 1.6543699 1.6948116 1.7735994 1.8384959 1.9229988 2.0102679 2.0565122 2.0254986 2.0733713 2.1383369 2.2051076 2.2332918 2.3125652 2.3930202 2.4200616
1990 51,300 21,027.98 1.5656245 1.5813259 1.6199820 1.6952912 1.7573224 1.8380943 1.9215103 1.9657128 1.9360685 1.9818275 2.0439248 2.1077474 2.1346872 2.2104605 2.2873633 2.3132108
1991 53,400 21,811.60 1.5093767 1.5245140 1.5617813 1.6343849 1.6941875 1.7720575 1.8524767 1.8950911 1.8665119 1.9106269 1.9704932 2.0320229 2.0579948 2.1310459 2.2051858 2.2301046
1992 55,500 22,935.42 1.4354182 1.4498139 1.4852551 1.5543012 1.6111735 1.6852279 1.7617066 1.8022330 1.7750540 1.8170075 1.8739404 1.9324551 1.9571545 2.0266261 2.0971332 2.1208310
1993 57,600 23,132.67 1.4231786 1.4374514 1.4725905 1.5410478 1.5974351 1.6708581 1.7466847 1.7868655 1.7599183 1.8015140 1.8579615 1.9159773 1.9404660 2.0093452 2.0792511 2.1027469
1994 60,600 23,753.53 1.3859801 1.3998799 1.4341005 1.5007685 1.5556820 1.6271859 1.7010305 1.7401611 1.7139183 1.7544268 1.8093989 1.8658982 1.8897469 1.9568258 2.0249045 2.0477862
1995 61,200 24,705.66 1.3325659 1.3459300 1.3788318 1.4429305 1.4957277 1.5644759 1.6354746 1.6730972 1.6478657 1.6868131 1.7396665 1.7939885 1.8169181 1.8814118 1.9468668 1.9688666
1996 62,700 25,913.90 1.2704348 1.2831758 1.3145435 1.3756536 1.4259891 1.4915320 1.5592203 1.5950887 1.5710337 1.6081651 1.6585543 1.7103435 1.7322040 1.7936906 1.8560938 1.8770679
1997 65,400 27,426.00 1.2003909 1.2124294 1.2420677 1.2998086 1.3473689 1.4092981 1.4732546 1.5071454 1.4844166 1.5195008 1.5671119 1.6160457 1.6367009 1.6947976 1.7537603 1.7735780
1998 68,400 28,861.44 1.1406888 1.1521286 1.1802928 1.2351619 1.2803568 1.3392059 1.3999814 1.4321867 1.4105883 1.4439276 1.4891707 1.5356708 1.5552987 1.6105059 1.6665360 1.6853681
1999 72,600 30,469.84 1.0804756 1.0913116 1.1179891 1.1699618 1.2127711 1.2685137 1.3260811 1.3565864 1.3361281 1.3677075 1.4105624 1.4546079 1.4731997 1.5254927 1.5785652 1.5964032
2000 76,200 32,154.82 1.0238565 1.0341246 1.0594042 1.1086534 1.1492193 1.2020409 1.2565917 1.2854984 1.2661122 1.2960368 1.3366460 1.3783834 1.3960010 1.4455537 1.4958451 1.5127483
2001 80,400 32,921.92 1.0000000 1.0100289 1.0347194 1.0828211 1.1224418 1.1740327 1.2273124 1.2555455 1.2366110 1.2658384 1.3055013 1.3462663 1.3634733 1.4118715 1.4609910 1.4775004
2002 84,900 33,252.09 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0244454 1.0720695 1.1112968 1.1623754 1.2151260 1.2430789 1.2243324 1.2532695 1.2925386 1.3328988 1.3499350 1.3978526 1.4464844 1.4628299
2003 87,000 34,064.95 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0464877 1.0847789 1.1346387 1.1861306 1.2134164 1.1951173 1.2233639 1.2616960 1.3010931 1.3177228 1.3644969 1.4119683 1.4279237
2004 87,900 35,648.55 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0365903 1.0842351 1.1334396 1.1595134 1.1420271 1.1690189 1.2056482 1.2432952 1.2591861 1.3038825 1.3492451 1.3644917
2005 90,000 36,952.94 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0459631 1.0934307 1.1185841 1.1017150 1.1277541 1.1630904 1.1994085 1.2147385 1.2578572 1.3016185 1.3163269
2006 94,200 38,651.41 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0453818 1.0694298 1.0533021 1.0781969 1.1119804 1.1467025 1.1613589 1.2025828 1.2444211 1.2584832
2007 97,500 40,405.48 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0230041 1.0075764 1.0313905 1.0637074 1.0969222 1.1109424 1.1503766 1.1903987 1.2038503
2008 102,000 41,334.97 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9849193 1.0081979 1.0397881 1.0722560 1.0859609 1.1245084 1.1636305 1.1767796
2009 106,800 40,711.61 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0236350 1.0557089 1.0886740 1.1025887 1.1417264 1.1814475 1.1947980
2010 106,800 41,673.83 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0313333 1.0635372 1.0771307 1.1153647 1.1541687 1.1672109
2011 106,800 42,979.61 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0312255 1.0444059 1.0814784 1.1191035 1.1317495
2012 110,100 44,321.67 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0127813 1.0487312 1.0852170 1.0974801
2013 113,700 44,888.16 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0354962 1.0715215 1.0836298
2014 117,000 46,481.52 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0347904 1.0464836
2015 118,500 48,098.63 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0113001
2016 118,500 48,642.15 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
2017 127,200 50,321.89 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
2018 128,400 -- 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTE: -- = not available.
a. National average wage levels. For years before 1978, average wages were determined from wages earned during the first quarter of the year and reported to the Social Security Administration (SSA) for Social Security tax purposes. These wages were then multiplied by 4 to obtain the average wage for the year. For 1973–1977, from data collected on all taxable wages reported to SSA; for 1957–1972, based on 1 percent statistical sample; for 1951–1956, based on 1/10 of 1 percent statistical sample. For 1978–1984, from wage data collected by the Internal Revenue Service during processing of annual tax returns. For years after 1984, from W-2 data processed by SSA. For years after 1977, the average wage amounts have been adjusted to be consistent with the pre-1978 series.
b. The indexing factor for a given year represents the ratio of the average annual wage for the second year before the year of first eligibility to the average annual wage for the year to be indexed. Multiplying a worker's covered earnings, up to the maximum taxable amounts for various years after 1951, by the indicated factors gives the indexed earnings. Earnings in the year before the year of first eligibility, and any earnings thereafter, are not indexed. The actual taxable earnings for those years are considered in calculating the average indexed monthly earnings (AIME).
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A9 Indexed earnings for workers with maximum earnings, 1951–2018 (in dollars)
Year Annual maximum taxable earnings Average annual wage a Annual maximum indexed earnings for workers who were first eligible (attained age 62, became disabled, or died) in b—
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
1951 3,600 2,799.16 52,359.21 53,596.72 55,276.08 57,002.10 57,730.67 59,779.89 61,859.65 62,558.67
1952 3,600 2,973.32 49,292.30 50,457.33 52,038.33 53,663.25 54,349.14 56,278.33 58,236.27 58,894.35
1953 3,600 3,139.44 46,684.06 47,787.44 49,284.78 50,823.72 51,473.31 53,300.42 55,154.76 55,778.02
1954 3,600 3,155.64 46,444.40 47,542.11 49,031.76 50,562.81 51,209.07 53,026.79 54,871.62 55,491.67
1955 4,200 3,301.44 51,792.18 53,016.29 54,677.46 56,384.79 57,105.47 59,132.49 61,189.74 61,881.19
1956 4,200 3,532.36 48,406.38 49,550.47 51,103.05 52,698.77 53,372.33 55,266.84 57,189.60 57,835.85
1957 4,200 3,641.72 46,952.75 48,062.48 49,568.44 51,116.23 51,769.57 53,607.19 55,472.21 56,099.05
1958 4,200 3,673.80 46,542.75 47,642.79 49,135.60 50,669.88 51,317.51 53,139.09 54,987.82 55,609.19
1959 4,800 3,855.80 50,680.98 51,878.83 53,504.36 55,175.06 55,880.28 57,863.81 59,876.92 60,553.53
1960 4,800 4,007.12 48,767.13 49,919.74 51,483.89 53,091.50 53,770.08 55,678.72 57,615.80 58,266.86
1961 4,800 4,086.76 47,816.79 48,946.94 50,480.61 52,056.89 52,722.25 54,593.69 56,493.02 57,131.40
1962 4,800 4,291.40 45,536.59 46,612.85 48,073.39 49,574.50 50,208.13 51,990.33 53,799.09 54,407.03
1963 4,800 4,396.64 44,446.61 45,497.10 46,922.68 48,387.86 49,006.32 50,745.86 52,511.33 53,104.72
1964 4,800 4,576.32 42,701.50 43,710.75 45,080.35 46,488.01 47,082.19 48,753.43 50,449.58 51,019.67
1965 4,800 4,658.72 41,946.23 42,937.63 44,283.01 45,665.77 46,249.44 47,891.12 49,557.27 50,117.27
1966 6,600 4,938.36 54,410.09 55,696.08 57,441.22 59,234.85 59,991.95 62,121.44 64,282.67 65,009.07
1967 6,600 5,213.44 51,539.22 52,757.35 54,410.41 56,109.41 56,826.56 58,843.69 60,890.88 61,578.96
1968 7,800 5,571.76 56,992.86 58,339.89 60,167.87 62,046.65 62,839.69 65,070.26 67,334.08 68,094.96
1969 7,800 5,893.76 53,879.11 55,152.55 56,880.66 58,656.79 59,406.50 61,515.21 63,655.34 64,374.66
1970 7,800 6,186.24 51,331.76 52,544.98 54,191.39 55,883.55 56,597.81 58,606.82 60,645.77 61,331.08
1971 7,800 6,497.08 48,875.89 50,031.07 51,598.71 53,209.91 53,890.00 55,802.89 57,744.30 58,396.81
1972 9,000 7,133.80 51,361.76 52,575.69 54,223.06 55,916.21 56,630.89 58,641.07 60,681.22 61,366.92
1973 10,800 7,580.16 58,004.76 59,375.71 61,236.15 63,148.28 63,955.39 66,225.57 68,529.58 69,303.98
1974 13,200 8,030.76 66,916.86 68,498.44 70,644.73 72,850.64 73,781.77 76,400.75 79,058.76 79,952.13
1975 14,100 8,630.92 66,508.98 68,080.92 70,214.13 72,406.60 73,332.05 75,935.06 78,576.87 79,464.80
1976 15,300 9,226.48 67,510.86 69,106.48 71,271.82 73,497.32 74,436.71 77,078.94 79,760.54 80,661.84
1977 16,500 9,779.44 68,689.17 70,312.63 72,515.76 74,780.11 75,735.89 78,424.23 81,152.64 82,069.68
1978 17,700 10,556.03 68,263.87 69,877.29 72,066.78 74,317.10 75,266.97 77,938.67 80,650.18 81,561.54
1979 22,900 11,479.46 81,214.26 83,133.76 85,738.62 88,415.85 89,545.92 92,724.47 95,950.39 97,034.64
1980 25,900 12,513.46 84,263.72 86,255.30 88,957.96 91,735.72 92,908.22 96,206.11 99,553.16 100,678.12
1981 29,700 13,773.10 87,789.59 89,864.50 92,680.25 95,574.24 96,795.81 100,231.69 103,718.79 104,890.83
1982 32,400 14,531.34 90,773.19 92,918.62 95,830.07 98,822.41 100,085.50 103,638.15 107,243.76 108,455.63
1983 35,700 15,239.24 95,372.50 97,626.64 100,685.60 103,829.56 105,156.64 108,889.31 112,677.61 113,950.88
1984 37,800 16,135.07 95,376.03 97,630.24 100,689.32 103,833.40 105,160.53 108,893.33 112,681.77 113,955.08
1985 39,600 16,822.51 95,834.67 98,099.73 101,173.52 104,332.71 105,666.22 109,416.98 113,223.64 114,503.08
1986 42,000 17,321.82 98,712.93 101,046.02 104,212.12 107,466.20 108,839.76 112,703.16 116,624.15 117,942.01
1987 43,800 18,426.51 96,771.91 99,059.11 102,162.97 105,353.06 106,699.61 110,487.04 114,330.93 115,622.88
1988 45,000 19,334.04 94,756.32 96,995.88 100,035.09 103,158.74 104,477.24 108,185.79 111,949.62 113,214.66
1989 48,000 20,099.55 97,223.93 99,521.82 102,640.17 105,845.16 107,198.01 111,003.13 114,864.97 116,162.96
1990 51,300 21,027.98 99,320.31 101,667.75 104,853.34 108,127.44 109,509.45 113,396.63 117,341.74 118,667.71
1991 53,400 21,811.60 99,671.74 102,027.48 105,224.34 108,510.02 109,896.92 113,797.85 117,756.92 119,087.59
1992 55,500 22,935.42 98,515.50 100,843.92 104,003.69 107,251.26 108,622.07 112,477.75 116,390.89 117,706.12
1993 57,600 23,132.67 101,371.29 103,767.21 107,018.58 110,360.29 111,770.84 115,738.28 119,764.86 121,118.22
1994 60,600 23,753.53 103,863.45 106,318.26 109,649.57 113,073.43 114,518.66 118,583.64 122,709.21 124,095.84
1995 61,200 24,705.66 100,849.38 103,232.96 106,467.59 109,792.10 111,195.39 115,142.40 119,148.25 120,494.64
1996 62,700 25,913.90 98,503.81 100,831.95 103,991.35 107,238.54 108,609.19 112,464.40 116,377.08 117,692.16
1997 65,400 27,426.00 97,080.85 99,375.35 102,489.12 105,689.39 107,040.24 110,839.77 114,695.92 115,992.00
1998 68,400 28,861.44 96,484.24 98,764.65 101,859.28 105,039.88 106,382.43 110,158.60 113,991.07 115,279.18
1999 72,600 30,469.84 97,002.90 99,295.56 102,406.83 105,604.53 106,954.30 110,750.77 114,603.84 115,898.87
2000 76,200 32,154.82 96,477.75 98,758.00 101,852.43 105,032.81 106,375.27 110,151.19 113,983.40 115,271.42
2001 80,400 32,921.92 99,423.52 101,773.41 104,962.30 108,239.81 109,623.26 113,514.47 117,463.68 118,791.03
2002 84,900 33,252.09 103,945.82 106,402.58 109,736.53 113,163.11 114,609.48 118,677.68 122,806.53 124,194.25
2003 87,000 34,064.95 103,975.21 106,432.66 109,767.55 113,195.10 114,641.88 118,711.23 122,841.24 124,229.36
2004 87,900 35,648.55 100,384.18 102,756.76 105,976.48 109,285.65 110,682.46 114,611.27 118,598.64 119,938.82
2005 90,000 36,952.94 99,154.35 101,497.87 104,678.14 107,946.76 109,326.47 113,207.14 117,145.66 118,469.42
2006 94,200 38,651.41 99,221.06 101,566.15 104,748.55 108,019.38 109,400.01 113,283.30 117,224.47 118,549.12
2007 97,500 40,405.48 98,238.70 100,560.57 103,711.47 106,949.92 108,316.88 112,161.72 116,063.87 117,375.41
2008 102,000 41,334.97 100,461.77 102,836.19 106,058.39 109,370.11 110,768.01 114,699.85 118,690.31 120,031.52
2009 106,800 40,711.61 106,800.00 109,324.22 112,749.71 116,270.38 117,756.47 121,936.38 126,178.59 127,604.43
2010 106,800 41,673.83 106,800.00 106,800.00 110,146.40 113,585.78 115,037.55 119,120.95 123,265.22 124,658.13
2011 106,800 42,979.61 106,800.00 106,800.00 106,800.00 110,134.88 111,542.55 115,501.89 119,520.25 120,870.84
2012 110,100 44,321.67 110,100.00 110,100.00 110,100.00 110,100.00 111,507.22 115,465.31 119,482.39 120,832.56
2013 113,700 44,888.16 113,700.00 113,700.00 113,700.00 113,700.00 113,700.00 117,735.92 121,832.00 123,208.71
2014 117,000 46,481.52 117,000.00 117,000.00 117,000.00 117,000.00 117,000.00 117,000.00 121,070.48 122,438.59
2015 118,500 48,098.63 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 119,839.06
2016 118,500 48,642.15 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00 118,500.00
2017 127,200 50,321.89 127,200.00 127,200.00 127,200.00 127,200.00 127,200.00 127,200.00 127,200.00 127,200.00
2018 128,400 -- 128,400.00 128,400.00 128,400.00 128,400.00 128,400.00 128,400.00 128,400.00 128,400.00
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTE: -- = not available.
a. National average wage levels. For years before 1978, average wages were determined from wages earned during the first quarter of the year and reported to the Social Security Administration (SSA) for Social Security tax purposes. These wages were then multiplied by 4 to obtain the average wage for the year. For 1973–1977, from data collected on all taxable wages reported to SSA; for 1957–1972, based on 1 percent statistical sample; for 1951–1956, based on 1/10 of 1 percent statistical sample. For 1978–1984, from wage data collected by the Internal Revenue Service during processing of annual tax returns. For years after 1984, from W-2 data processed by SSA. For years after 1977, the average wage amounts have been adjusted to be consistent with the pre-1978 series.
b. A worker's earnings for each year after 1950 and through the second year before the year of first eligibility are indexed by multiplying covered earnings, up to the maximum taxable amounts, by specified indexing factors (see Table 2.A8). The indexing factor for a given year represents the ratio of the average annual wage for the second year before the year of first eligibility to the average annual wage for the year to be indexed. For example, if the year of first eligibility is 2017, the indexing factor for 1982 is $48,098.63 ÷ 14,531.34 or 3.3099927. Multiplication of maximum taxable earnings of $32,400 for 1982 by this factor gives maximum indexed earnings of $107,243.76 for 1982.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A10 Average monthly wage and average indexed monthly earnings provisions, by year enacted
Year enacted Provision
  Average monthly wage (AMW)
1939 Computed using creditable earnings after 1936 and before year of death or retirement, divided by months after 1936 and before quarter of death or retirement, excluding months before age 22 in quarters not covered.
1950 Alternatively, computed using creditable earnings after 1950 (or year aged 21, if later) and before year of death, year of retirement, or subsequent year (or year age 65 attained if then insured), divided by number of months in those years.
1954 Earnings and months in 4 years may be excluded in all cases; 5 years if worker has 20 quarters of coverage. Period of disability may be excluded.
1956 Earnings and months in 5 years may be excluded in all cases. Computation period may end at age 62 for women then insured.
1960 Earnings may be used for any year after 1950 and before year of retirement but including year of death, with the number of years equal to the years elapsed after 1955 (or year age 26 attained) and before year of death or age 65 attained (62 for women).
Same method may be used for earnings after 1936 and years elapsed after 1941.
1972 Number of years for men reaching age 62 after 1972, measured to age 62 or to 1975, if later.
1977 For workers who attain age 62, become disabled, or die after 1978, excludes earnings in year of attainment of age 62 and later, computed using creditable earnings after 1936.
For workers who attain age 62 after 1978 and before 1984, excludes earnings in year of attainment of age 62 and later, computed using creditable earnings after 1950.
  Average indexed monthly earnings (AIME)
1977 For workers who attain age 62, become disabled, or die after 1978, AIME is computed by using indexed earnings after 1950 for the same computation period applicable in calculating the AMW. Indexed earnings for a given year equal actual creditable earnings multiplied by the national average wage for the second year before worker attains age 62, becomes disabled, or dies, divided by the national average wage for the given year, except that for years after the second year before the worker attains age 62, becomes disabled, or dies, indexed earnings equal actual creditable earnings.
1980 For disabled workers, the number of years of earnings used equals the number of years elapsed after 1950 (or year age 21 attained, if later) and before year of disability, minus dropout years equal to one-fifth of the number of elapsed years rounded to the next lower integer (to a maximum of 5 dropout years). However, the number of years of earnings used is at least 2. Effective for initial entitlement after June 1980.
Disabled workers with computations using fewer than 3 dropout years under the one-fifth rule may be credited with additional dropout years based on child care, up to a total of 3 dropout years. (To receive this credit, a worker must have had no earnings in that year and have been living with his or her child or spouse's child under age 3.) However, the number of years of earnings used is at least 2. Effective July 1981.
1983 For workers who die after 1978 but before attaining age 62, indexed earnings for a given year equal actual creditable earnings, multiplied by the national average wage for the earlier of (1) the year in which the worker reached or would have reached age 60 or (2) the second year before the survivor becomes eligible for aged or disabled widow(er) benefits, and then divided by the national average wage for the given year. This computation method applies only if it results in a higher benefit. Effective for surviving spouses first eligible after 1984.
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A11 Formulas for computing PIA from AIME, cost-of-living adjustments, and minimum PIA for workers who were first eligible in 1979 or later, by year of first eligibility
Eligibility year Calculation of PIA (based on percentage of AIME) a (dollars) First applicable cost-of-living adjustment Minimum PIA based on indexed earnings (dollars)
90 percent of the first Plus 32 percent of the next Plus 15 percent of the amount above Effective date Percentage increase
  Enacted in 1977 b
1979 180 905 1,085 June 1979 9.9 c 122
1980 194 977 1,171 June 1980 14.3 c 122
  Enacted in 1981
1981 211 1,063 1,274 June 1981 11.2 c 122
1982 230 1,158 1,388 June 1982 7.4 d
  Enacted in 1983
1983 254 1,274 1,528 December 1983 3.5 d
1984 267 1,345 1,612 December 1984 3.5 d
1985 280 1,411 1,691 December 1985 3.1 d
1986 297 1,493 1,790 December 1986 1.3 d
1987 310 1,556 1,866 December 1987 4.2 d
1988 319 1,603 1,922 December 1988 4.0 d
1989 339 1,705 2,044 December 1989 4.7 d
1990 356 1,789 2,145 December 1990 5.4 d
1991 370 1,860 2,230 December 1991 3.7 d
1992 387 1,946 2,333 December 1992 3.0 d
1993 401 2,019 2,420 December 1993 2.6 d
1994 422 2,123 2,545 December 1994 2.8 d
1995 426 2,141 2,567 December 1995 2.6 d
1996 437 2,198 2,635 December 1996 2.9 d
1997 455 2,286 2,741 December 1997 2.1 d
1998 477 2,398 2,875 December 1998 1.3 d
1999 505 2,538 3,043 December 1999 e 2.5 d
2000 531 2,671 3,202 December 2000 3.5 d
2001 561 2,820 3,381 December 2001 2.6 d
2002 592 2,975 3,567 December 2002 1.4 d
2003 606 3,047 3,653 December 2003 2.1 d
2004 612 3,077 3,689 December 2004 2.7 d
2005 627 3,152 3,779 December 2005 4.1 d
2006 656 3,299 3,955 December 2006 3.3 d
2007 680 3,420 4,100 December 2007 2.3 d
2008 711 3,577 4,288 December 2008 5.8 d
2009 744 3,739 4,483 December 2009 0.0 d
2010 761 3,825 4,586 December 2010 0.0 d
2011 749 3,768 4,517 December 2011 3.6 d
2012 767 3,857 4,624 December 2012 1.7 d
2013 791 3,977 4,768 December 2013 1.5 d
2014 816 4,101 4,917 December 2014 1.7 d
2015 826 4,154 4,980 December 2015 0.0 d
2016 856 4,301 5,157 December 2016 0.3 d
2017 885 4,451 5,336 December 2017 2.0 d
2018 895 4,502 5,397 December 2018 -- d
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTES: Eligible workers are those who attained age 62, became disabled, or died in the given year.
AIME = average indexed monthly earnings; AMW =average monthly wage; PIA = primary insurance amount; -- = not available.
a. For workers who attained age 62 in the 1979–1983 period, the PIA cannot be less than that derived from the PIA table in effect in December 1978 (approximated by the PIA formula in Table 2.A16) in the basis of provisions in effect before 1979 but excluding earnings after year aged 61 in computations of AMW and including any general benefit increase after year aged 61.
b. The amendments in 1977 provided for annual automatic adjustments of bend points (AIME brackets) in benefit formula in proportion to increases in average wage level. As a result, separate formulas are applicable to workers who were first eligible in successive calendar years. The legislation also froze the minimum PIA at $122.
c. Not subject to automatic adjustments until earlier of year of attainment of age 65 or year of first receipt of benefits.
d. In 1981, legislation eliminated the minimum PIA for workers who attain age 62 or die after 1981 (after 1991 for members of certain religious orders). In August 1981, legislation would have eliminated the minimum PIA effective March 1982 for workers who attained age 62 before November 1981 or who died (before attaining age 62) before March 1982; for all others, the minimum would have been eliminated effective November 1981. This legislation was superseded in December 1981 by legislation that restored the minimum PIA for workers who attained age 62 or died (before attaining age 62) before 1982.
e. The cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to Public Law 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A11.1 Computation of primary insurance amount (PIA) based on Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP), by year enacted
Year effective Provision
  Enacted in 1983
1986 Workers first eligible for pensions based on noncovered employment and disability or retired workers after December 31, 1985. a The benefit computation formula uses a reduced factor of the usual first average indexed monthly earnings (AIME) bend point.
Year eligible Factor (percent)
1986 80
1987 70
1988 60
1989 50
1990 and later 40
 
WEP is not applicable to persons who were federal employees or nonprofit employees on January 1, 1984, and who were covered by Social Security on that date with no Civil Service Retirement System coverage; to persons with Railroad Retirement pensions; or to workers with 30 years of substantial Social Security earnings. Workers with 26–29 years of coverage have less than full WEP applied. b For benefits payable before January 1989:
Years of coverage Factor (percent)
26 50
27 60
28 70
29 80
 
  Enacted in 1988
1989 5 percent added to factor for each year of coverage over 20.
Years of coverage Factor (percent)
21 45
22 50
23 55
24 60
25 65
26 70
27 75
28 80
29 85
 
1991 Earnings required for a year of substantial coverage (decoupled from the definition of a year of coverage for special minimum PIA). b
Year Earnings (dollars)
1991 9,900
1992 10,350
1993 10,725
1994 11,250
1995 11,325
1996 11,625
1997 12,150
1998 12,675
1999 13,425
2000 14,175
2001 14,925
2002 15,750
2003 16,125
2004 16,275
2005 16,725
2006 17,475
2007 18,150
2008 18,975
2009 19,800
2010 19,800
2011 19,800
2012 20,475
2013 21,075
2014 21,750
2015 22,050
2016 22,050
2017 23,625
2018 23,850
 
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
a. Reduction in PIA will not be greater than one-half the amount of the pension based on noncovered employment performed after 1956.
b. See Table 2.A12a. Before 1991, a year of substantial coverage for WEP was the same amount as for the minimum PIA (25 percent of the "old law" contribution and benefit base). For 1991 and following, a year of substantial coverage under WEP provisions remains 25 percent of the old law base, while the criterion for computing the special minimum PIA was changed to 15 percent of the base.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A12a Special minimum primary insurance amount (PIA): Minimum covered earnings required to qualify for a year of coverage, 1937–2018 (in dollars)
Year Earnings required to qualify for a year of coverage
Enacted in 1972 a
1937–1950 b
1951–1954 900
1955–1958 1,050
1959–1965 1,200
1966–1967 1,650
1968–1971 1,950
1972 2,250
1973 2,700
1974 3,300
1975 3,525
1976 3,825
1977 4,125
1978 4,425
Enacted in 1977 c
1979 4,725
1980 5,100
1981 5,550
1982 6,075
1983 6,675
1984 7,050
1985 7,425
1986 7,875
1987 8,175
1988 8,400
1989 8,925
1990 9,525
Enacted in 1990 d
1991 5,940
1992 6,210
1993 6,435
1994 6,750
1995 6,795
1996 6,975
1997 7,290
1998 7,605
1999 8,055
2000 8,505
2001 8,955
2002 9,450
2003 9,675
2004 9,765
2005 10,035
2006 10,485
2007 10,890
2008 11,385
2009 11,880
2010 11,880
2011 11,880
2012 12,285
2013 12,645
2014 13,050
2015 13,230
2016 13,230
2017 14,175
2018 14,310
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTE: The special minimum PIA is payable to some persons who have had covered employment or self-employment for many years at low earnings. The formula computes a benefit based on years of coverage rather than earnings, and it applies only if the resulting benefit exceeds the benefit computed by any other method. The usual rates of actuarial reduction apply for retirement before the full retirement age. Although delayed retirement credits are not applicable to the benefit derived from the special minimum PIA, the benefit will be raised if necessary to equal the benefit derived from the regularly computed PIA plus any delayed retirement credits.
a. For 1951–1978, the amount of Social Security covered earnings needed for a year of coverage is 25 percent of the effective annual maximum taxable earnings.
b. For 1937–1950, the years of coverage are determined by the number (not exceeding 14) obtained by dividing total creditable wages in 1937–1950 by $900 (any remainder is disregarded).
c. For 1979–1990, the amount of Social Security covered earnings needed for a year of coverage is 25 percent of what the annual maximum taxable earnings would have been if the statutory increases in the maximum under the 1977 amendments had not been enacted (the "old law" contribution and benefit base).
d. For 1991 and following, a year of substantial coverage under the Windfall Elimination Provision remains 25 percent of the old law base, while the criterion for the special minimum PIA was changed to 15 percent of the base.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A12b Computation of special minimum primary insurance amount (PIA), by effective date
Effective date Amount a per year of coverage over 10 years (dollars) Maximum amount a for workers with 30 or more years of coverage (dollars)
  Enacted in 1972
January 1973 8.50 170.00
  Enacted in 1973
March 1974 9.00 180.00
  Enacted in 1977 b
January 1979 11.50 230.00
June 1979 12.64 252.80
June 1980 14.45 289.00
June 1981 16.07 321.40
June 1982 17.26 345.10
December 1983 17.86 357.10
December 1984 18.49 369.50
December 1985 19.06 380.90
December 1986 19.31 385.80
December 1987 20.12 402.00
December 1988 20.92 418.00
December 1989 21.90 437.60
December 1990 23.08 461.20
December 1991 23.93 478.20
December 1992 24.65 492.50
December 1993 25.29 505.30
December 1994 26.00 519.40
December 1995 26.68 532.90
December 1996 27.45 548.30
December 1997 28.03 559.80
December 1998 28.39 567.00
December 1999 c 29.10 c 581.10
December 2000 30.12 601.40
December 2001 30.90 617.00
December 2002 31.33 625.60
December 2003 31.99 638.70
December 2004 32.85 655.90
December 2005 34.20 682.70
December 2006 35.33 705.20
December 2007 36.14 721.40
December 2008 38.24 763.20
December 2009 38.24 763.20
December 2010 38.24 763.20
December 2011 39.62 790.60
December 2012 40.29 804.00
December 2013 40.89 816.00
December 2014 41.59 829.80
December 2015 41.59 832.20
December 2016 41.71 832.20
December 2017 42.54 848.80
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTE: The special minimum PIA is payable to some persons who have had covered employment or self-employment for many years at low earnings. The formula computes a benefit based on years of coverage rather than earnings, and it applies only if the resulting benefit exceeds the benefit computed by any other method. The usual rates of actuarial reduction apply for retirement before the full retirement age. Although delayed retirement credits are not applicable to the benefit derived from the special minimum PIA, the benefit will be raised if necessary to equal the benefit derived from the regularly computed PIA plus any delayed retirement credits.
a. The amount effective for a given month applies, as of that month, to all workers from the date of entitlement to benefits.
b. The 1977 Amendments to the Social Security Act established an initial 1979 factor of $11.50 per year of coverage and automatic annual cost-of-living increases thereafter, beginning with the June 1979 increase. Factors are obtained by applying cost-of-living increases to the previous year's factor and rounding each one to nearest cent. An approximate PIA may be computed by multiplying factor in year of entitlement by the number of years of coverage in excess of 10 with a maximum of 20. Actual PIAs are published yearly in the Federal Register.
c. The cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to Public Law 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A13 Formulas enacted in 1977 for computing OASI maximum family benefit from primary insurance amount (PIA) and cost-of-living adjustments for workers who were first eligible in 1979 or later, by year of first eligibility
Eligibility year Calculation of maximum family benefit (based on percentage of PIA) (dollars) First applicable cost-of-living adjustment
150 percent of the first Plus 272 percent of the next Plus 134 percent of the next Plus 175 percent of the amount above Effective date Percentage increase
1979 230 102 101 433 June 1979 9.9
1980 248 110 109 467 June 1980 14.3
1981 270 120 118 508 June 1981 11.2
1982 294 131 129 554 June 1982 7.4
1983 324 144 142 610 December 1983 3.5
1984 342 151 150 643 December 1984 3.5
1985 358 159 158 675 December 1985 3.1
1986 379 169 166 714 December 1986 1.3
1987 396 175 174 745 December 1987 4.2
1988 407 181 179 767 December 1988 4.0
1989 433 193 190 816 December 1989 4.7
1990 455 201 200 856 December 1990 5.4
1991 473 209 208 890 December 1991 3.7
1992 495 219 217 931 December 1992 3.0
1993 513 227 226 966 December 1993 2.6
1994 539 240 237 1,016 December 1994 2.8
1995 544 241 239 1,024 December 1995 2.6
1996 559 247 246 1,052 December 1996 2.9
1997 581 258 255 1,094 December 1997 2.1
1998 609 271 267 1,147 December 1998 1.3
1999 645 286 283 1,214 December 1999 a 2.5
2000 679 301 298 1,278 December 2000 3.5
2001 717 317 315 1,349 December 2001 2.6
2002 756 336 332 1,424 December 2002 1.4
2003 774 344 340 1,458 December 2003 2.1
2004 782 347 343 1,472 December 2004 2.7
2005 801 355 352 1,508 December 2005 4.1
2006 838 372 368 1,578 December 2006 3.3
2007 869 386 381 1,636 December 2007 2.3
2008 909 403 399 1,711 December 2008 5.8
2009 950 422 417 1,789 December 2009 0.0
2010 972 431 427 1,830 December 2010 0.0
2011 957 425 421 1,803 December 2011 3.6
2012 980 435 430 1,845 December 2012 1.7
2013 1,011 448 444 1,903 December 2013 1.5
2014 1,042 463 457 1,962 December 2014 1.7
2015 1,056 468 463 1,987 December 2015 0.0
2016 1,093 485 480 2,058 December 2016 0.3
2017 1,131 502 497 2,130 December 2017 2.0
2018 1,144 507 503 2,154 December 2018 --
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTES: The 1977 amendments provided for annual automatic adjustments of bend points (PIA brackets) in the maximum family benefit formula in proportion to increases in the average wage level. As a result, separate formulas are applicable to workers first eligible in successive calendar years.
Eligible workers are those who attained age 62 or died in the given year.
OASI = Old-Age and Survivors Insurance; -- = not available.
a. The cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to Public Law 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A14 Formulas for computing maximum family benefit and cost-of-living adjustments for workers first eligible for disability benefits in 1979 or later, by year of enactment
Eligibility year Formula
  Enacted in 1977 a
1979 b 150% of first $230 of PIA + 272% of next $102 of PIA + 134% of next $101 of PIA + 175% of PIA over $433 c
1980 b 150% of first $248 of PIA + 272% of next $110 of PIA + 134% of next $109 of PIA + 175% of PIA over $467 c
  Enacted in 1980 d
1979 or later Smaller of (1) 85% of the AIME (or 100% of PIA, if larger) and (2) 150% of PIA e
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTES: PIA = primary insurance amount; AIME = average indexed monthly earnings.
a. The 1977 amendments provided for annual automatic adjustments of bend points (PIA brackets) in maximum family benefit formula in proportion to increases in average wage level. As a result, separate formulas are applicable to workers first eligible in successive calendar years.
b. Applicability of formula limited to workers with initial entitlement before July 1980, as a result of 1980 amendments.
c. Calculated amount subject to cost-of-living adjustments beginning with the one effective for June of the year of first eligibility.
d. Formula for computing maximum family benefit revised effective for workers with initial entitlement in or after July 1980. New formula remains unchanged for workers eligible in successive calendar years because it has no bend points requiring adjustments.
e. Calculated amount subject to cost-of-living adjustments beginning with the one effective in year of first eligibility (or in 1981, if later).
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A16 Percentage of average monthly wage (AMW) applicable to primary insurance amount (PIA) based on formula for computing PIA from AMW, and percentage increases in PIA
AMW (dollars) April 1952 Sept. 1952 Sept. 1954 Jan. 1959 Jan. 1965 Feb. 1968 Jan. 1970 Jan. 1971 Sept. 1972 June 1974 June 1975 June 1976 June 1977 June 1978 June 1979 June 1980 June 1981 June 1982 Dec. 1983 Dec. 1984 Dec. 1985 Dec. 1986 Dec. 1987 Dec. 1988 Dec. 1989 Dec. 1990 Dec. 1991 Dec. 1992 Dec. 1993 Dec. 1994 Dec. 1995 Dec. 1996 Dec. 1997 Dec. 1998 Dec. 1999 Dec. 2000 Dec. 2001 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2003 Dec. 2004 Dec. 2005 Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2008 Dec. 2009 Dec. 2010 Dec. 2011 Dec. 2012 Dec. 2013 Dec. 2014 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017
First 110 a 50.00 a 55.00 55.00 58.85 62.97 71.16 81.83 90.01 108.01 119.89 129.48 137.77 145.90 155.38 170.76 195.18 217.04 233.10 241.26 249.70 257.44 260.79 271.74 282.61 295.89 311.87 323.41 333.11 341.77 351.34 360.47 370.93 378.72 383.64 393.23 407.00 417.58 423.43 432.32 443.99 462.19 477.45 488.43 516.76 516.76 516.76 535.36 544.46 552.63 562.02 562.02 563.71 574.98
Next 290 b 15.00 b 15.00 c 20.00 21.40 22.90 25.88 29.76 32.74 39.29 43.61 47.10 50.10 53.06 56.51 62.10 70.98 78.93 84.77 87.74 90.81 93.62 94.84 98.82 102.77 107.60 113.42 117.62 121.15 124.30 127.78 131.10 134.90 137.73 139.52 143.01 148.02 151.87 153.99 157.23 161.47 168.09 173.64 177.63 187.93 187.93 187.93 194.70 198.01 200.98 204.40 204.40 205.01 209.11
Next 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.40 24.18 27.81 30.59 36.71 40.75 44.01 46.82 49.58 52.81 58.04 66.34 73.77 79.23 82.00 84.87 87.50 88.64 92.36 96.05 100.56 105.99 109.91 113.21 116.15 119.40 122.50 126.06 128.71 130.38 133.64 138.32 141.91 143.90 146.92 150.89 157.08 162.26 165.99 175.62 175.62 175.62 181.94 185.03 187.81 191.00 191.00 191.57 195.40
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.43 32.69 35.96 43.15 47.90 51.73 55.05 58.30 62.09 68.24 78.00 86.74 93.16 96.42 99.79 102.88 104.22 108.60 112.94 118.25 124.64 129.25 133.13 136.59 140.41 144.06 148.24 151.35 153.32 157.15 162.65 166.88 169.22 172.77 177.44 184.71 190.81 195.20 206.52 206.52 206.52 213.95 217.59 220.85 224.60 224.60 225.27 229.78
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 24.00 26.64 28.77 30.61 32.42 34.53 37.95 43.38 48.24 51.81 53.62 55.50 57.22 57.96 60.39 62.81 65.76 69.31 71.87 74.03 75.95 78.08 80.11 82.43 84.16 85.26 87.39 90.45 92.80 94.10 96.07 98.67 102.71 106.10 108.54 114.84 114.84 114.84 118.97 120.99 122.80 124.89 124.89 125.26 127.77
Next 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d 20.00 22.20 23.98 25.51 27.02 28.78 31.63 36.15 40.20 43.17 44.68 46.24 47.67 48.29 50.32 52.33 54.79 57.75 59.89 61.69 63.29 65.06 66.75 68.69 70.13 71.04 72.82 75.37 77.33 78.41 80.06 82.22 85.59 88.41 90.45 95.69 95.69 95.69 99.13 100.82 102.33 104.07 104.07 104.38 106.47
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 20.00 21.60 22.98 24.34 25.92 28.49 32.56 36.21 38.89 40.25 41.66 42.95 43.51 45.34 47.15 49.37 52.04 53.97 55.59 57.04 58.64 60.16 61.91 63.21 64.03 65.63 67.93 69.70 70.67 72.16 74.10 77.14 79.69 81.52 86.25 86.25 86.25 89.36 90.88 92.24 93.81 93.81 94.09 95.97
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.28 22.54 24.01 26.39 30.16 33.54 36.02 37.28 38.58 39.78 40.30 41.99 43.67 45.72 48.19 49.97 51.47 52.81 54.29 55.70 57.32 58.52 59.28 60.77 62.89 64.53 65.43 66.81 68.61 71.42 73.78 75.48 79.85 79.85 79.85 82.72 84.13 85.39 86.84 86.84 87.10 88.84
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.18 22.56 24.79 28.33 31.50 33.83 35.01 36.24 37.36 37.85 39.44 41.02 42.95 45.27 46.94 48.35 49.61 51.00 52.33 53.84 54.97 55.69 57.08 59.08 60.61 61.46 62.75 64.44 67.09 69.30 70.89 75.01 75.01 75.01 77.71 79.03 80.22 81.58 81.58 81.82 83.46
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.30 23.41 26.76 29.76 31.96 33.08 34.24 35.30 35.76 37.26 38.75 40.57 42.76 44.34 45.67 46.86 48.17 49.42 50.86 51.93 52.60 53.92 55.81 57.26 58.06 59.28 60.88 63.37 65.46 66.97 70.85 70.85 70.85 73.40 74.65 75.77 77.06 77.06 77.29 78.84
Next 435 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.98 25.12 27.93 30.00 31.05 32.14 33.14 33.57 34.98 36.38 38.09 40.15 41.64 42.89 44.01 45.24 46.42 47.76 48.76 49.40 50.63 52.40 53.77 54.52 55.66 57.17 59.51 61.47 62.89 66.54 66.54 66.54 68.94 70.11 71.16 72.37 72.37 72.59 74.04
Next 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 22.86 25.42 27.30 28.26 29.25 30.16 30.55 31.83 33.10 34.66 36.53 37.88 39.02 40.03 41.15 42.22 43.44 44.35 44.93 46.05 47.66 48.90 49.59 50.63 52.00 54.13 55.91 57.20 60.52 60.52 60.52 62.70 63.77 64.73 65.83 65.83 66.03 67.35
Next 315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 22.24 23.89 24.73 25.60 26.39 26.73 27.85 28.96 30.32 31.96 33.14 34.13 35.02 36.00 36.94 38.01 38.81 39.31 40.30 41.71 42.79 43.39 44.30 45.50 47.36 48.92 50.05 52.95 52.95 52.95 54.86 55.79 56.63 57.59 57.59 57.76 58.92
Next 225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.48 22.23 23.01 23.72 24.03 25.04 26.04 27.26 28.73 29.79 30.68 31.48 32.36 33.20 34.16 34.88 35.33 36.21 37.48 38.46 38.99 39.81 40.89 42.56 43.97 44.98 47.59 47.59 47.59 49.30 50.14 50.89 51.76 51.76 51.92 52.96
Next 275 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.70 21.42 22.08 22.37 23.31 24.24 25.38 26.75 27.74 28.57 29.31 30.13 30.91 31.81 32.48 32.90 33.72 34.90 35.81 36.31 37.07 38.08 39.64 40.94 41.89 44.32 44.32 44.32 45.92 46.70 47.40 48.21 48.21 48.35 49.32
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.70 21.34 21.62 22.53 23.43 24.53 25.85 26.81 27.61 28.33 29.12 29.88 30.74 31.39 31.79 32.59 33.73 34.61 35.09 35.83 36.79 38.30 39.57 40.48 42.82 42.82 42.82 44.36 45.11 45.79 46.57 46.57 46.71 47.64
Next 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.63 20.90 21.78 22.65 23.71 24.99 25.91 26.69 27.38 28.15 28.88 29.72 30.34 30.74 31.51 32.61 33.46 33.93 34.64 35.57 37.03 38.25 39.13 41.40 41.40 41.40 42.89 43.62 44.27 45.02 45.02 45.16 46.06
Next 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.26 21.11 21.95 22.98 24.22 25.12 25.87 26.54 27.28 27.99 28.80 29.40 29.79 30.53 31.60 32.42 32.88 33.57 34.47 35.89 37.07 37.92 40.12 40.12 40.12 41.56 42.27 42.90 43.63 43.63 43.76 44.64
Next 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.84 21.67 22.69 23.92 24.81 25.55 26.21 26.94 27.64 28.44 29.04 29.41 30.15 31.21 32.02 32.46 33.15 34.04 35.44 36.61 37.45 39.62 39.62 39.62 41.05 41.75 42.38 43.10 43.10 43.23 44.09
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.80 21.78 22.96 23.81 24.52 25.16 25.86 26.53 27.30 27.87 28.24 28.94 29.95 30.73 31.16 31.82 32.68 34.02 35.14 35.95 38.03 38.03 38.03 39.40 40.07 40.67 41.36 41.36 41.48 42.31
Next 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.94 22.07 22.89 23.58 24.19 24.87 25.52 26.26 26.81 27.16 27.84 28.81 29.56 29.98 30.61 31.43 32.72 33.80 34.58 36.58 36.58 36.58 37.90 38.54 39.12 39.79 39.79 39.91 40.71
Next 275 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.08 21.86 22.52 23.11 23.76 24.38 25.08 25.61 25.94 26.59 27.52 28.23 28.63 29.23 30.02 31.25 32.28 33.02 34.94 34.94 34.94 36.20 36.82 37.37 38.01 38.01 38.12 38.88
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.74 21.36 21.92 22.53 23.12 23.79 24.29 24.61 25.22 26.10 26.78 27.16 27.73 28.48 29.64 30.62 31.33 33.14 33.14 33.14 34.33 34.91 35.43 36.03 36.03 36.14 36.86
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.60 21.14 21.73 22.29 22.94 23.42 23.73 24.32 25.17 25.82 26.19 26.74 27.46 28.58 29.53 30.21 31.96 31.96 31.96 33.11 33.67 34.18 34.76 34.76 34.86 35.56
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.52 21.09 21.64 22.27 22.74 23.03 23.61 24.44 25.07 25.42 25.96 26.66 27.75 28.67 29.32 31.03 31.03 31.03 32.15 32.70 33.19 33.75 33.75 33.85 34.53
Next 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.56 21.09 21.71 22.17 22.45 23.02 23.82 24.44 24.78 25.30 25.99 27.05 27.94 28.59 30.24 30.24 30.24 31.33 31.86 32.34 32.89 32.89 32.99 33.65
Next 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.52 21.12 21.56 21.84 22.39 23.17 23.78 24.11 24.62 25.28 26.32 27.18 27.81 29.42 29.42 29.42 30.48 31.00 31.47 32.00 32.00 32.10 32.74
Next 125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.58 21.01 21.29 21.82 22.58 23.17 23.49 23.99 24.63 25.64 26.49 27.10 28.67 28.67 28.67 29.70 30.20 30.65 31.17 31.17 31.26 31.89
Next 225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.42 20.69 21.20 21.94 22.52 22.83 23.31 23.94 24.92 25.74 26.34 27.86 27.86 27.86 28.86 29.35 29.79 30.30 30.30 30.39 31.00
Next 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.26 20.77 21.49 22.05 22.36 22.83 23.45 24.41 25.21 25.79 27.29 27.29 27.29 28.27 28.75 29.18 29.68 29.68 29.77 30.37
Next 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.50 21.22 21.77 22.07 22.54 23.15 24.09 24.89 25.46 26.94 26.94 26.94 27.91 28.38 28.81 29.30 29.30 29.39 29.98
Next 300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.70 21.24 21.54 21.99 22.58 23.51 24.28 24.84 26.28 26.28 26.28 27.23 27.69 28.11 28.59 28.59 28.68 29.25
Next 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.52 20.81 21.24 21.82 22.71 23.46 24.00 25.39 25.39 25.39 26.30 26.75 27.15 27.61 27.61 27.69 28.24
Next 375 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.28 20.71 21.26 22.14 22.87 23.39 24.75 24.75 24.75 25.64 26.08 26.47 26.92 26.92 27.00 27.54
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.42 20.97 21.83 22.55 23.07 24.41 24.41 24.41 25.29 25.72 26.11 26.55 26.55 26.63 27.16
Next 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.54 21.38 22.09 22.60 23.91 23.91 23.91 24.77 25.19 25.57 26.00 26.00 26.08 26.60
Next 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.82 21.51 22.00 23.28 23.28 23.28 24.12 24.53 24.90 25.32 25.32 25.40 25.91
Next 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.66 21.14 22.36 22.36 22.36 23.16 23.55 23.90 24.31 24.31 24.38 24.87
Next 275 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.46 21.65 21.65 21.65 22.43 22.81 23.15 23.54 23.54 23.61 24.08
Next 375 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 21.16 21.16 21.16 21.92 22.29 22.62 23.00 23.00 23.07 23.53
Next 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.72 21.07 21.39 21.75 21.75 21.82 22.26
Next 275 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.34 20.65 21.00 21.00 21.06 21.48
Next 300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.30 20.65 20.65 20.71 21.12
Next 275 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.34 20.34 20.40 20.81
Next 125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.00 20.06 20.46
Next 725 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 20.40
Next 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00
Percentage increase in PIA f 77.0 g 12.5 h 13.0 i 7.0 j 7.0 13.0 15.0 10.0 20.0 k 11.0 l 8.0 6.4 5.9 6.5 9.9 14.3 11.2 7.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 1.3 4.2 4.0 4.7 5.4 3.7 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.1 1.3 m 2.5 3.5 2.6 1.4 2.1 2.7 4.1 3.3 2.3 5.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.0 0.3 2.0
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTES: The AMW computation is based on earnings after 1950. The amounts shown in the table are percentages of the AMW computed using unrounded data.
. . . = not applicable.
a. Applied to first $100 of AMW.
b. Applied to next $200 of AMW.
c. Applied to next $190 before 1955 and to next $240 effective for January 1955.
d. Applied to next $150 effective for January 1973 and to next $350 effective for January 1974.
e. Applied to next $100 before January 1975.
f. Average increase in benefits of about 77 percent—from 100 percent at the lowest level to 50 percent at the highest level.
g. Increase of 12.5 percent or $5, if larger.
h. Average increase of about 13 percent, with minimum increase of $5.
i. Increase of 7 percent or $3, if larger.
j. Increase of 7 percent or $4, if larger.
k. Increase effective in two steps: 7 percent for March–May and 4 percent for June.
l. Beginning June 1975, all benefit increases are based on automatic cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs).
m. The COLA for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to Public Law 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A17 Minimum primary insurance amount (PIA) and maximum family benefit for workers who attained age 62, were first eligible for disabled-worker benefits, or died before 1979
Year enacted Effective date Minimum PIA a (dollars) Maximum family benefit
Percentage of AMW Not less than—
1935 . . . 10.00 . . . . . .
1939 . . . . . . Lesser of 80%, $85, or 200% of PIA $20.00
1950 September 1950 20.00 80% of first $187.50 $40.00
1952 September 1952 25.00 80% of first $210.93 $45.00
1954 September 1954 30.00 80% of first $250 $50.00 or 150% of PIA
1958 January 1959 33.00 80% of first $317.50 $20.00 + PIA or 150% of PIA
1961 August 1961 40.00 80% of first $317.50 150% of PIA
1965 January 1965 44.00 80% of first $370 + 40% of next $180 150% of PIA
1967 February 1968 55.00 80% of first $436 + 40% of next $214 150% of PIA
1969 January 1970 64.00 80% of first $436 + 40% of next $180 150% of PIA
1971 January 1971 70.40 88% of first $436 + 44% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
1972 September 1972 84.50 105.6% of first $436 + 52.8% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
1973 c June 1974 89.50 111.8% of first $436 + 55.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
1973 d March 1974 90.50 113.0% of first $436 + 56.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1974 93.80 117.2% of first $436 + 58.6% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1975 101.40 126.6% of first $436 + 63.3% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1976 107.90 134.7% of first $436 + 67.3% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1977 114.30 142.6% of first $436 + 71.3% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1978 121.80 151.9% of first $436 + 76.0% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1979 133.90 167.0% of first $436 + 83.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1980 153.10 190.9% of first $436 + 95.4% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
June 1981 170.30 212.2% of first $436 + 106.1% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
1981 e March 1982 f 190.9% of first $436 + 106.1% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
1981 June 1982 182.90 227.9% of first $436 + 114.0% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1983 189.30 235.9% of first $436 + 118.0% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1984 195.90 244.2% of first $436 + 122.1% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1985 201.90 251.8% of first $436 + 125.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1986 204.50 255.1% of first $436 + 127.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1987 213.00 265.8% of first $436 + 132.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1988 221.50 276.4% of first $436 + 138.2% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1989 231.90 289.4% of first $436 + 144.7% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1990 244.40 305.0% of first $436 + 152.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1991 253.40 316.3% of first $436 + 158.1% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1992 261.00 325.8% of first $436 + 162.8% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1993 267.70 334.3% of first $436 + 167.0% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1994 275.10 343.7% of first $436 + 171.7% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1995 282.20 352.6% of first $436 + 176.2% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1996 290.30 362.8% of first $436 + 181.3% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1997 296.30 370.4% of first $436 + 185.1% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1998 300.10 375.2% of first $436 + 187.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 1999 g 307.60 384.6% of first $436 + 192.2% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2000 318.30 398.1% of first $436 + 198.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2001 326.50 408.5% of first $436 + 204.1% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2002 331.00 414.2% of first $436 + 206.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2003 337.90 422.9% of first $436 + 211.2% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2004 347.00 434.3% of first $436 + 216.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2005 361.20 452.1% of first $436 + 225.8% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2006 373.10 467.0% of first $436 + 233.3% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2007 381.60 477.7% of first $436 + 238.7% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2008 403.70 505.4% of first $436 + 252.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2009 403.70 505.4% of first $436 + 252.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2010 403.70 505.4% of first $436 + 252.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2011 418.20 523.6% of first $436 + 261.6% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2012 425.30 532.5% of first $436 + 266.0% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2013 431.70 540.5% of first $436 + 265.5% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2014 439.00 549.7% of first $436 + 274.6% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2015 439.00 549.7% of first $436 + 274.6% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2016 440.30 551.3% of first $436 + 275.4% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
December 2017 449.10 562.3% of first $436 + 280.9% of next $191 b 150% of PIA
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTE: AMW = average monthly wage; . . . = not applicable.
a. Based on earnings; subject to reduction if claimed before age 65.
b. For AMW of $628 or more, 175 percent of PIA.
c. Superseded by legislation in 1973.
d. Beginning in 1975, minimum PIA and percentages in maximum family benefit formula are subject to automatic cost-of-living increases. (Superseded legislation in 1972 for automatic increases beginning in 1974.)
e. Superseded by legislation in 1981 that restored the minimum PIA for these groups.
f. Minimum PIA eliminated by legislation in 1981.
g. The cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to Public Law 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A17.1 Full retirement age and maximum reduction of retired-worker benefits, by year of birth
Year of birth a Year of attainment of age 62 Year of attainment of age 65 Full retirement age Maximum reduction months Maximum reduction at age 62 b
1935 1997 2000 65 years 36 0.2000000
1936 1998 2001 65 years 36 0.2000000
1937 1999 2002 65 years 36 0.2000000
1938 2000 2003 65 years and 2 months 38 0.2083333
1939 2001 2004 65 years and 4 months 40 0.2166667
1940 2002 2005 65 years and 6 months 42 0.2250000
1941 2003 2006 65 years and 8 months 44 0.2333333
1942 2004 2007 65 years and 10 months 46 0.2416667
1943–1954 2005–2016 2008–2019 66 years 48 0.2500000
1955 2017 2020 66 years and 2 months 50 0.2583333
1956 2018 2021 66 years and 4 months 52 0.2666667
1957 2019 2022 66 years and 6 months 54 0.2750000
1958 2020 2023 66 years and 8 months 56 0.2833333
1959 2021 2024 66 years and 10 months 58 0.2916667
1960 or later 2022 and later 2025 and later 67 years 60 0.3000000
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
a. If birthday is January 1, refer to previous year.
b. The monthly reduction factor is 0.0055556 for the 36 months immediately preceding full retirement age and 0.0041667 for prior months.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A17.2 Full retirement age and maximum reduction of widow(er)s' benefits, by year of birth
Year of birth a Year of attainment of age 60 Year of attainment of age 65 Full retirement age Maximum reduction months Monthly reduction b
1939 or earlier 1999 and earlier 2004 and earlier 65 years 60 0.475
1940 2000 2005 65 years and 2 months 62 0.460
1941 2001 2006 65 years and 4 months 64 0.445
1942 2002 2007 65 years and 6 months 66 0.432
1943 2003 2008 65 years and 8 months 68 0.419
1944 2004 2009 65 years and 10 months 70 0.407
1945–1956 2005–2016 2010–2021 66 years 72 0.396
1957 2017 2022 66 years and 2 months 74 0.385
1958 2018 2023 66 years and 4 months 76 0.375
1959 2019 2024 66 years and 6 months 78 0.365
1960 2020 2025 66 years and 8 months 80 0.356
1961 2021 2026 66 years and 10 months 82 0.348
1962 or later 2022 and later 2027 and later 67 years 84 0.339
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTES: Widows and widowers can elect reduced monthly benefits at age 60 or, if disabled, as early as age 50. Surviving divorced spouses can also receive benefits if married to the worker for at least 10 years and not remarried before age 60 (age 50 if disabled).
a. If birthday is January 1, refer to previous year.
b. Monthly reduction percentages are approximate due to rounding. For survivors whose full retirement age (FRA) is 65, the monthly rate of reduction for the first 60 months immediately preceding FRA is 19/40 of 1 percent of the worker's primary insurance amount (PIA), with a maximum reduction of 28.5 percent at age 60. For survivors whose FRA is older than 65, the amount of reduction for each month prior to FRA is adjusted accordingly to ensure that the maximum reduction at age 60 remains 28.5 percent of the worker's PIA.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A18 Automatic adjustment provisions
Year enacted Provision
  Quarter of coverage
1977 Mandatory annual determination, beginning in 1978, as to whether an adjustment is required in the amount of wages and self-employment earnings an individual needs in order to be credited with a quarter of coverage (QC) in the succeeding year. The amount required for a QC is the product of $250 (in effect in 1978) multiplied by the following quotient: the national average wage for the year before the year of determination, divided by the average wage for 1976 (see Table 2.A8 for average annual wages after 1950). The resulting product, rounded to the nearest multiple of $10, is the new amount required for a QC. In no case, however, is the new amount reduced below the amount in effect in the year of determination.
  Maximum amount of taxable and creditable earnings
1972 The 1972 Act (as modified by the legislation in 1973) mandated a determination in 1974, and in every subsequent year in which a cost-of-living benefit increase is established, as to whether an adjustment is required in the maximum amount of annual earnings that will be taxed and credited toward benefits.
The determination in the years after 1975 is made by multiplying the "maximum" in effect in the year of determination by the following quotient: the national average wage for the year before the year of determination, divided by the average wage for the year before the most recent year in which an automatic determination was made that resulted in an increase or in which an increase in the maximum was enacted. (See Table 2.A8 for annual amounts of the average wage after 1950). The resulting product, rounded to the nearest multiple of $300, is the new maximum amount of taxable and creditable earnings, effective with respect to remuneration paid after the year of determination and with respect to taxable years beginning after that year. In no case, however, is the maximum reduced to an amount below the maximum in the year of determination.
1976 In the 1974 and 1975 determinations, the quotient was the average wage for the year of determination, estimated from data for the first calendar quarter, divided by the corresponding amount for the year before the year of determination. Public Law (P.L.) 94-202 (signed January 2, 1976) revised the adjustment method by increasing by a year the lag in average wages used in the computation. Thus, for example, the determination in 1976 was based on the percentage increase in the average wage from 1974 to 1975.
1977 Statutory in lieu of automatic increases in the maximum instituted for 1979, 1980, and 1981. Also, for purposes of establishing a "year of coverage" used in the computation of the special minimum primary insurance amount PIA, annual maximum taxable and creditable earnings after 1978 are the amounts that would have been determined under the automatic adjustment provisions if the statutory increases in the maximum under the 1977 Act had not been enacted (see Table 2.A12a).
1989 Automatic increases in the maximum for 1990, 1991, and 1992 determined under a transitional rule, specified by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, for computing "deemed" average annual wage for 1988, 1989, and 1990. The purpose of the legislation was to include contributions to certain "deferred compensation" plans, most importantly section 401(k) pension plans, in the average annual average wage.
1994 The determination for years after 1994 is made by multiplying $60,600, the "maximum" for 1994, by the following quotient: the national average wage index for the year before the year in which the determination is made, divided by the national average wage index for 1992. (See Table 2.A8 for annual amounts of the national average wage index.) The resulting product, rounded to the nearest $300, is the new maximum amount of taxable and creditable earnings, effective with respect to remuneration paid in (and taxable years beginning in) the year following the year the determination is made. In no case, however, is the new maximum reduced to an amount below the maximum in the year of determination.
  Benefits
  Computation
1977 New benefit computation method based on average indexed monthly earnings (AIME) after 1950, effective for workers first eligible after 1978. Provision for automatic adjustment of the dollar amounts, or bend points, defining (1) the AIME brackets in the PIA formula (see Table 2.A11) and (2) the PIA brackets in the maximum family benefit formula (see Table 2.A13). New bend points are established by multiplying the bend points in effect in 1979—$180 and $1,085 for the PIA formula and $230, $332, and $433 for the maximum family benefit formula—by the following quotient: the national average wage for the second year before the year for which the determination was made, divided by the average wage for 1977 (see Table 2.A8 for average annual wages after 1950). The resulting products, rounded to the nearest dollar, are the new bend points.
1980 Modified maximum family benefit formula applicable to workers with initial entitlement to disability benefits in or after July 1980 (see Table 2.A14). New formula for disabled workers has no bend points subject to automatic adjustment.
  Cost-of-living increase
1972 Under the original provisions (based on 1972 and 1973 legislation), the arithmetical mean of the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) for January, February, and March in the year of determination was compared with the arithmetical mean of the CPI for the later of (a) January, February, and March of the year in which the last effective cost-of-living increase was established or (b) the 3 months of the calendar quarter in which the effective month of the last general benefit increase occurred. (Before the introduction, in 1977, of the alternative CPI series for "all urban consumers," or the CPI-U, the CPI-W was referred to as the CPI.) If the percentage increase in the CPI, rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent, was at least 3.0 (the triggering requirement), a cost-of-living benefit increase was established and the level of benefits was increased by the same percentage, effective for June of the year in which the determination was made.
1983 The 1983 Act moved the effective date for a cost-of-living benefit increase from June to December, beginning in 1983, and eliminated the "triggering requirement" for the 1983 increase only. Effective with the determination made in 1984, the two periods used in calculating the CPI-W percentage increase were shifted from the first to the third quarter.
The 1983 Act also introduced an alternative method for determining the size of a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA). This method, called the stabilizer provision, is applied when the ratio of the combined OASDI trust fund assets to estimated outgo falls below a certain percentage. The "triggering" percentage is 15 percent for 1985–1988 and 20 percent for years after 1988. Under these circumstances, the COLA is based on the lesser of the CPI-W percentage increase determined above or the increase in average wages. The latter increase is the percentage, rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent by which the national average wage for the year before the year of determination exceeds the average wage for the year before the most recent year in which either a cost-of-living increase or a general benefit increase occurred. (See Table 2.A8 for the annual amount of the average wage after 1950 and footnote a in that table for the underlying data sources.)
The 1983 legislation also included a provision for making up any benefit increases that are based on a lower wage increase rather than on the increase in the cost of living. When the fund ratio is greater than 32 percent, additional increases will be provided so that benefits are increased to the level at which they would have been if all increases had been based on the CPI-W. (See Table 2.A19 for the cumulative effect of statutory and automatic increases in benefits.)
1986 Triggering requirement eliminated for cost-of-living increases in and after 1986 by P.L. 99-509 (signed October 21, 1986).
2001 The COLA for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the CPI. The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS); a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to P.L. 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
2007 The rules for calculating automatic cost-of-living increases to PIAs under title II of the Social Security Act (the Act) were revised. The arithmetical mean of the CPI for each month is computed for the beginning and ending quarters of the measuring period, and the result is rounded to the same number of decimal places as the published CPI figures. Through December 2006, BLS published CPI figures rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent. BLS began publishing CPI figures rounded to the nearest one-thousandth of 1 percent in January 2007.
  Earnings test
1972 The 1972 Act (as modified by the 1973 Acts) mandated a determination in 1974, and in every subsequent year in which a cost-of-living increase is established, as to whether an adjustment in the exempt amount—the amount of earnings permitted without reduction in benefits—is required.
The determination in the years after 1975 is made by multiplying the monthly exempt amount in effect in the year of determination by the following quotient: the national average wage for the year before the year of determination, divided by the average wage for the year before the most recent year in which an automatic determination was made that resulted in an increase or in which an increase in the exempt amount was enacted. (See Table 2.A8 for annual amounts of the average wage after 1950.) The resulting product, rounded to the nearest multiple of $10, is the new monthly exempt amount, effective with respect to remuneration paid after the year of determination and with respect to taxable year beginning after that year. In no case, however, is the new exempt amount reduced below the exempt amount in the year of determination. The new annual exempt amount is determined by multiplying the new monthly amount by 12.
1976 In the 1974 and 1975 determinations, the quotient was the average wage for the year of determination, estimated from data for the first calendar quarter, divided by the corresponding amount for the year before the year of determination. P.L. 94-202 (signed January 2, 1976) revised the adjustment method by increasing by a year the lag in average wages used in the computation. Thus, for example, the 1976 determination was based on the percentage increase in the average wage from 1974 to 1975.
1994 The determination for years after 1994 is made by multiplying the monthly exempt amounts in effect for 1994 ($930 for beneficiaries who have, $670 for beneficiaries who have not yet, reached "full retirement age"; see footnote f in Table 2.A29) by the following quotient: the national average wage for the year before the year in which the determination is made, divided by the national average wage for 1992. (See Table 2.A8 for annual amounts of the national average wage.) The resulting products, rounded to the nearest $10, are the new monthly exempt amounts effective for the year following the year the determination is made. The new annual exempt amounts are determined by multiplying the new monthly amounts by 12.
1996 P.L. 104-121, enacted March 29, 1996, suspended the automatic indexing of the exempt amounts through the year 2002 for workers aged–65–69. It legislated ad hoc increases in the annual exempt amounts to $12,500 in 1996; $13,500 in 1997; $14,500 in 1998; $15,500 in 1999; $17,000 in 2000; $25,000 in 2001; and $30,000 in 2002. Thereafter, the exempt amounts will increase automatically based on the annual increase in the national average wage as under the 1994 legislation.
2000 P.L. 106-182, enacted April 7, 2000, eliminated the earnings test beginning with the month a beneficiary reaches full retirement age (FRA). The annual earnings test that applies in the year of attainment of FRA is based on the annual limits established under P.L. 104-121 (including the $1 for $3 withholding rate). In determining annual earnings for purposes of the annual earnings test under this legislation, only earnings before the month of attainment of FRA will be considered. P.L. 106-182 did not change the annual exempt amount for beneficiaries who are under FRA throughout the year, which continues to be pegged to increases in the average wage.
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTE: OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.
Table 2.A19 Illustrative benefit growth: Cumulative effect of statutory and automatic increases in benefits using a 100 dollar base benefit
Base date Aug. 1950 Sept. 1950 Sept. 1952 Sept. 1954 Jan. 1959 Jan. 1965 Feb. 1968 Jan. 1970 Jan. 1971 Sept. 1972 June 1974 June 1975 June 1976 June 1977 June 1978 June 1979 June 1980 June 1981 June 1982 Dec. 1983 Dec. 1984 Dec. 1985 Dec. 1986 Dec. 1987 Dec. 1988 Dec. 1989 Dec. 1990 Dec. 1991 Dec. 1992 Dec. 1993 Dec. 1994 Dec. 1995 Dec. 1996 Dec. 1997 Dec. 1998 Dec. 1999 Dec. 2000 Dec. 2001 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2003 Dec. 2004 Dec. 2005 Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2008 Dec. 2009 Dec. 2010 Dec. 2011 Dec. 2012 Dec. 2013 Dec. 2014 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017
Aug. 1950 100 177 199 225 241 258 291 335 368 442 491 530 564 597 636 699 799 888 954 987 1,022 1,053 1,067 1,112 1,156 1,211 1,276 1,323 1,363 1,398 1,437 1,475 1,518 1,549 1,570 1,609 1,665 1,708 1,732 1,769 1,817 1,890 1,953 1,997 2,112 2,112 2,112 2,188 2,225 2,258 2,296 2,296 2,302 2,348
Sept. 1950 . . . 100 113 127 136 146 164 189 208 250 277 299 318 337 359 395 451 502 539 558 577 595 603 628 653 684 721 748 770 790 812 833 857 875 887 909 941 965 979 999 1,026 1,067 1,102 1,127 1,192 1,192 1,192 1,234 1,254 1,272 1,293 1,293 1,296 1,321
Sept. 1952 . . . . . . 100 113 121 129 146 168 185 222 246 266 283 300 319 351 401 446 479 496 513 529 536 558 581 608 641 665 684 702 722 741 762 778 788 808 836 858 870 888 912 949 981 1,003 1,061 1,061 1,061 1,099 1,117 1,133 1,152 1,152 1,155 1,178
Sept. 1954 . . . . . . . . . 100 107 114 129 149 164 196 218 235 250 265 283 310 355 395 424 439 454 468 474 494 514 538 567 588 606 621 639 655 674 689 698 715 740 759 770 786 807 839 867 886 937 937 937 970 986 1,000 1,017 1,017 1,020 1,040
Jan. 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 107 121 139 153 184 204 220 234 248 264 290 332 369 396 410 424 437 443 462 480 503 530 550 566 581 597 613 630 644 652 668 692 710 720 735 754 785 811 829 877 877 877 908 923 936 951 951 953 972
Jan. 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 113 130 143 172 190 206 219 232 247 271 310 345 370 383 397 409 414 432 449 470 495 514 529 543 558 573 589 601 609 625 646 663 672 687 705 733 758 775 819 819 819 848 862 874 888 888 890 907
Feb. 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 115 127 152 168 182 194 205 218 240 274 305 328 339 351 362 367 382 397 416 438 455 468 480 494 507 521 532 539 553 572 587 595 608 624 649 670 685 724 724 724 750 762 773 786 786 788 803
Jan. 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 110 132 147 158 168 178 190 209 239 265 285 295 305 315 319 332 345 362 381 395 407 418 429 441 453 463 469 481 497 510 517 528 543 563 582 595 629 629 629 651 662 671 682 682 684 697
Jan. 1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 120 133 144 153 162 173 190 217 241 259 268 277 286 290 302 314 329 347 359 370 380 390 401 412 421 426 437 452 464 470 480 493 512 529 541 572 572 572 592 602 611 621 621 622 634
Sept. 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 111 120 128 135 144 158 181 201 216 223 231 238 241 252 262 274 289 299 308 316 325 334 343 351 355 364 377 387 392 400 411 428 442 451 477 477 477 494 502 509 517 517 518 528
June 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 108 115 122 130 142 163 181 194 201 208 215 218 227 236 247 260 270 278 285 293 301 309 316 320 328 339 348 353 361 370 385 398 406 429 429 429 444 451 457 464 464 465 474
June 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 106 113 120 132 151 168 180 186 193 199 201 210 218 229 241 250 257 264 271 278 286 292 296 304 314 323 327 334 343 356 368 376 397 397 397 411 417 423 430 430 431 439
June 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 106 113 124 142 158 169 175 181 187 189 197 205 215 226 235 242 248 255 262 269 275 278 285 295 303 307 314 322 335 346 353 373 373 373 386 392 397 403 403 404 412
June 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 107 117 134 149 160 165 171 176 179 186 194 203 214 222 228 234 241 247 254 260 263 270 279 286 290 296 304 316 327 334 353 353 353 365 371 376 382 382 383 390
June 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 110 126 140 150 155 161 166 168 175 182 190 201 208 214 220 226 232 239 244 247 253 262 269 273 278 286 296 306 312 330 330 330 341 346 351 356 356 357 364
June 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 114 127 137 141 146 151 153 159 166 173 183 189 195 200 206 211 217 222 225 230 238 245 248 253 260 269 278 284 300 300 300 310 315 319 324 324 324 330
June 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 111 119 124 128 132 134 139 145 152 160 166 171 175 180 185 190 194 197 201 209 214 217 222 227 235 243 248 262 262 262 271 275 279 283 283 283 288
June 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 107 111 115 119 120 125 130 136 144 149 153 157 162 166 171 174 177 181 188 192 195 199 205 213 220 224 236 236 236 244 248 251 255 255 255 260
June 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 107 110 112 117 121 127 134 139 143 147 151 155 159 162 165 169 175 179 182 185 190 197 203 207 219 219 219 226 229 232 235 235 235 239
Dec. 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 107 108 113 117 123 129 134 138 142 146 149 154 157 159 163 169 173 176 179 184 190 197 201 212 212 212 219 222 225 228 228 228 232
Dec. 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 104 109 113 118 125 130 133 137 141 144 149 152 154 157 163 167 170 173 178 184 190 194 205 205 205 212 215 218 221 221 221 225
Dec. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 106 110 115 121 126 129 133 136 140 144 147 149 153 158 162 164 168 172 179 184 188 198 198 198 205 208 211 214 214 214 218
Dec. 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 108 113 120 124 128 131 135 138 142 145 147 151 156 160 162 166 170 176 182 186 196 196 196 203 206 209 212 212 212 216
Dec. 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 109 115 119 123 126 129 133 137 139 141 145 150 154 156 159 163 169 174 178 188 188 188 194 197 199 202 202 202 206
Dec. 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 105 110 114 118 121 124 128 131 134 136 139 144 148 150 153 157 163 168 171 180 180 180 186 189 191 194 194 194 197
Dec. 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 105 109 113 116 119 122 125 128 130 133 138 141 143 146 150 156 161 164 173 173 173 179 182 184 187 187 187 190
Dec. 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 107 110 113 116 119 121 123 126 131 134 136 139 142 148 152 155 163 163 163 168 170 172 174 174 174 177
Dec. 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 106 109 111 115 117 119 122 126 129 131 134 137 142 147 150 158 158 158 163 165 167 169 169 169 172
Dec. 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 105 108 111 114 115 118 122 125 127 130 133 138 142 145 153 153 153 158 160 162 164 164 164 167
Dec. 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 105 109 111 112 115 119 122 124 126 130 135 139 142 150 150 150 155 157 159 161 161 161 164
Dec. 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 106 108 109 112 116 119 121 123 126 131 136 138 146 146 146 151 153 155 157 157 157 160
Dec. 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 105 106 109 113 116 117 120 123 127 131 134 141 141 141 146 148 150 152 152 152 155
Dec. 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 102 103 106 110 113 114 117 120 124 128 131 138 138 138 142 144 146 148 148 148 150
Dec. 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 104 107 110 112 114 117 122 126 128 135 135 135 139 141 143 145 145 145 147
Dec. 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 106 109 110 113 116 120 124 126 133 133 133 137 139 141 143 143 143 145
Dec. 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 106 108 110 113 116 120 123 130 130 130 134 136 138 140 140 140 142
Dec. 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 104 106 109 113 117 119 125 125 125 129 131 132 134 134 134 136
Dec. 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 104 106 110 114 116 122 122 122 126 128 129 131 131 131 133
Dec. 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 102 105 109 113 115 121 121 121 125 127 128 130 130 130 132
Dec. 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 107 110 112 118 118 118 122 124 125 127 127 127 129
Dec. 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 104 108 110 116 116 116 120 122 123 125 125 125 127
Dec. 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 105 111 111 111 114 115 116 117 117 117 119
Dec. 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 102 107 107 107 110 111 112 113 113 113 115
Dec. 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 105 105 105 108 109 110 111 111 111 113
Dec. 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 103 104 105 106 106 106 108
Dec. 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 103 104 105 106 106 106 108
Dec. 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 104 105 106 106 106 108
Dec. 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 102 103 103 103 105
Dec. 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 102 102 102 104
Dec. 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 101 101 103
Dec. 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 102
Dec. 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 102
Dec. 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 102
Dec. 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Cost-of-living adjustment . . . a 77.0 12.5 13.0 7.0 7.0 13.0 15.0 10.0 20.0 11.0 8.0 6.4 5.9 6.5 9.9 14.3 11.2 7.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 1.3 4.2 4.0 4.7 5.4 3.7 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.1 1.3 b 2.5 3.5 2.6 1.4 2.1 2.7 4.1 3.3 2.3 5.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.0 0.3 2.0
SOURCES: Social Security Act of 1935 (the Act), as amended through December 31, 2017; regulations issued under the Act; and precedential case decisions (rulings). Social Security Administration, "Cost-of-Living Increase and Other Determinations for 2018," Federal Register, vol. 82, no. 240 (December 15, 2017). See the Social Security Program Rules page (https://www.ssa.gov/regulations/index.htm) for specific laws, regulations, rulings, legislation, and a link to the Federal Register.
NOTES: Growth reflects cost-of-living adjustments only. The amounts shown in the table are computed using unrounded data, with results rounded to the nearest dollar.
. . . = not applicable.
a. Average increase in benefits of about 77 percent—from 100 percent at the lowest level to 50 percent at the highest level.
b. The cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for December 1999 was originally determined to be 2.4 percent, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The underlying CPI was later recomputed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; a 2.5 percent COLA would have been consistent with the recomputed CPI. Pursuant to Public Law 106-554, benefits were calculated and paid in August 2001 and later as if the COLA for December 1999 had been 2.5 percent. Affected beneficiaries received a one-time payment to cover the shortfall that occurred before August 2001.
CONTACT: (410) 965-0090 or statistics@ssa.gov.